Turning tradition into an instrument of research: The editorship of William Nicholson (1753–1815)

Mainly known for its links to the periodical market and radical politics, this article recontextualizes the editorship of William Nicholson (1753–1815) in terms of its roots in the metropolitan natural philosophical circles of the second half of the 18th century as well as its impact on experimenters and men of science after 1797. The article argues that Nicholson's editorship of the Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts was a means to expand his philosophical significance among natural philosophers at home and abroad—and was, in fact, a form of epistemological subversion that challenged the “Banksian Learned Empire.”     

Distinguished scientific award for the applications of psychology.

The Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology is presented to a person who has made distinguished theoretical or empirical advances leading to the understanding or amelioration of important practical problems. This year's winner is Joseph V. Brady. Brady is recognized for sustained innovative and insightful contributions to behavioral pharmacology, behavioral physiology, and behavioral medicine. In addition, his work has encompassed basic neuroanatomy and endocrinology, as well as the integrative activity of behavior in simulated space environments. A citation, biography, and selected bibliography of Brady's works are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring the Heavens: Charles S. Peirce and Astronomical Photography

Taking its point of departure from the current digitisation of the Harvard Astronomical Plate Collection, this article follows the plates back to the time when the status of photography as a research tool for astronomers was still to be established. It focuses on Charles S. Peirce, who, while employed by the US Coast Survey, made astronomical observations and contributed to the deliberation over visual and photographic methods. Particular attention is paid to Peirce’s involvement in early explorations of photography’s potential as a measurement tool. The guiding assumption is that approaching photography as a tool, rather than as a sign or representation, offers new inroads into the old problem of photography’s revealing powers and its capacity to serve as a means of discovery in science. Drawing on Peirce’s scientific practice as an alternative resource for theory construction, this article contributes to the ongoing efforts to conceptualise the productive or generative dimension of photographic methods. It concludes by pointing to the diagrammatic notion of evidence developed late in Peirce’s philosophical career, proposing that photography be reconceived as a diagrammatic tool.     

基于FGN和FLN的网络通信量模型FGLN

为了捕获大规模网络通信量的动力学行为特征,该文提出了一种基于分数高斯噪声和分数利维噪声的网络通信量新模型,给出了该模型参数的估计方法和通信量生成算法。仿真实验和对比分析表明,与其它经典通信量模型相比,新模型具有更好的性能,能够较好地捕获实际网络通信量的动力学行为特征,包括自相似性和冲激性。     

The first scientific investigation of Niépce’s images from UK and US collections: image substrate

Abstract

This paper reports the results of the first ever scientific investigation of the image substrate of the plates Joseph Nicéphore Niépce brought with him to England in 1827. The First Photograph, in the collection of the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin, and the three plates, in The Royal Photographic Society collection of the National Media Museum, were thoroughly documented and analysed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The XRF analysis was able to objectively confirm the chemical composition of all four plates and to identify unique characteristics of the material in some of the plates. Our investigation, for the first time, was also able to provide strong evidence attributing at least one of the plates to a particular pewtersmith based on the presence of a touchmark on the back of one of the plates.     

Joseph E. Ledoux: Award for distinguished scientific contributions.

The American Psychological Association 2010 Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions was awarded to Joseph E. LeDoux, for his success in reinvigorating the field of emotion by uncovering the neural mechanisms of emotional learning, particularly with respect to fear. By applying the tools of modern neuroscience to the study of fear, Joseph E. LeDoux revolutionized the way psychologists view emotional learning and the importance of unconscious versus conscious processes. His findings have led to novel ways to treat anxiety disorders through manipulation of extinction and reconsolidation processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the solution of coupled Stokes/Darcy model with Beavers–Joseph interface condition

In this paper, we first get the uniqueness result of the possible solution to the steady-state coupled Stokes/Darcy model with Beavers–Joseph interface condition for any physical parameters, especially for any $\alpha >0$. Then we show the existence of solutions for any $\alpha >0$ by using Galerkin method. Furthermore, we analyze the error of the corresponding coupled finite element scheme and derive the optimal error estimates.     

约瑟夫·霍夫曼的斯托克莱府邸

文章从研究斯托克莱府邸不同版本的图纸出发,还原了设计的演变过程,重点介绍建筑的"非建构"特征及其艺术特色,最后分析了建筑师约瑟夫·霍夫曼设计思想的来源及其影响.     

“Accoucheur of literature”: Joseph Banks and the Philosophical Transactions, 1778–1820

This paper explores the editorial influence of Joseph Banks on the Philosophical Transactions—still, at the time of his accession to the Presidency of the Royal Society in 1778, the most prestigious scientific periodical published in English. In particular, it examines how Banks forged, and wielded, personal influence over what went into the Transactions. Nominally, at least, the periodical was under the collective control of the Society's council, with significant statutory safeguards in place to prevent editorship by a presidential clique. Yet this was exactly what Banks was able to speedily create and maintain. In this essay I explore how Banks accomplished this and the pressures it produced, addressing two key questions. First, I examine the social dimension of Banks's management of the Transactions (and what contemporaries thought of it), including particularly the questions of how and to whom access to the periodical was afforded or denied by Banks and his associates; and second, I consider how Banks and the Society dealt with the emerging competitive pressure of new commercial and learned society periodicals. I outline a sphere of scientific sociability partly created by informal processes of communicating, circulating, and evaluating papers developed by Banks and his close associates, and its significance for the Transactions in its engagements with other sites, genres, and conventions of scientific publication.     

Remembering Joseph Brozek (1913-2004): Brozek's China connection.

In the pages of a recent issue of this journal, several historians of psychology wrote of their acquaintance with the late Professor Joseph Brozek, the naturalized American polymath born in central Bohemia (today known as the Czech Republic) who worked nearly all of his adult life in the Universities of Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Lehigh and championed the cause of international collaborations for the furtherance of studies in the history of psychology (Woodward et al., 2004). Apart from a brief biography, these historians mentioned his numerous investigations into the work of several Czech scientists who worked in psychology or related fields and who were either unknown or neglected in the West; they also discussed his numerous book chapters and reviews, some of which were in his specialty field, nutrition. But Brozek is most remembered for his desire to link up people in different parts of the world who had a common interest in the history of psychology. Although several of the contributors addressed this feature of his work, there was no mention of his attempts to bring Chinese psychologists into the international arena. What follows is the author's attempt to redress this omission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)