越野环境下自主车辆导航地图自动创建方法研究*

针对越野环境下的地图创建问题,提出了一种自动创建自主车导航地图的方法。首先将车载摄像机获得的图像投影到车体坐标系,然后结合车辆行驶轨迹信息采用基于标记的分水岭算法判定可通行区域,最后融合局部俯视图信息生成全局一致地图,并在实时导航需求下对地图进行优化得到最终的导航地图。自主车实车实验结果表明,该方法生成的地图满足自主车实时导航需求,提高了路径规划效率。     

遥感技术在全球变化研究中的应用

首先通过全球卫星遥感监测系统的介绍,阐述了遥感技术在全球环境数据获取中的重要性。然后概述了遥感技术在土地覆盖、痕量气体,湿地以及地表参数反演等全球变化研究热点问题中的应用及进展情况,遥感技术已渗入到全球变化研究诸多领域,成为全球变化研究计划的重要组成部分,从辅到主要手段乃至某些问题研究的唯一手段,遥感技术发挥着越来越重要的作用。     

GIS技术在区域土地开发适宜性分区中的应用——以江苏省为例*

重点讨论了GIS技术在区域土地开发适宜性分区方法中的应用。区域土地开发适宜性分区,要求将评价单元的自然生态要素与经济社会要素在空间上反映出来,并对各单元的生态保护价值和经济开发需求进行聚类分析。GIS技术在获取、处理和集合各基本空间单元的要素数据上发挥了重大作用。应用GIS技术建立空间基础信息数据库,进行面状要素叠加分析、线状要素网络分析、统计要素链接分析和赋值要素追加分析,使分区数据的采集、组织和分析更加简单;专题地图的应用,也使分区方案的表现更为直观;尤其是GIS空间叠加分析功能通过图形处理与空间数据     

Stakeholder orientated sustainable land management: The Ruhr Area as a role model for urban areas

The concept of sustainable land management (SLM) can help create a balance between the different demands of economy, society and nature. SLM means to actively develop land based on a knowledge-based procedure. It should aim on long term enhancements. The basis of SLM is the interests and the goals of the stakeholders. It is the result of a bargaining process between different institutions by creating win-win-situations or adequate conflict solutions to reach a consensus. The Ruhr Area is Germany’s biggest metropolitan area. Land management regarding economic, social and environmental issues, which has a long tradition in this area, goes back to 1920. Being the centre of the heavy industry in Germany for more than 150 years, the Ruhr Area today is a green metropolis. The ecological, social and economical change of this industrial region can serve as a role model for SLM in urban areas all over the world.     

DEM与空间叠加分析在土地定量评价中的研究

以湖北省建始县为例，研究了海拔、坡度和坡向与该区农业生产条件的关系，建立了土地适宜性评价模型。在MapGIS支持下，该文综合应用数字高程模型（DEM）及空间叠加分析技术实现了该模型在土地适宜性评价中的应用。实践表明，该数字化定量评价方法所得的结果与实际情况相符，具有高效、准确和可视化的特点，可为政府决策提供支持。     

基于Landsat TM 数据的若尔盖县LUCC 时空特征研究

若尔盖县是世界著名若尔盖湿地的主要组成部分, 是青藏高原高寒生态系统的典型代表。基于1989 年、1997 年和2004 年3 期Landsat TM 影像的土地利用ö土地覆被分类结果, 运用地理信息系统空间分析方法和数理统计学方法, 深入分析了四川省若尔盖县近15 年来各土地利用/覆被类型尤其是草地和沼泽的数量和空间变化特征。结果表明: ①研究区主要土地利用与土地覆被类型为草地、沼泽、林地和裸地, 其中草地与沼泽面积逐步减少, 而裸地面积成倍增长。②通过建立研究区LU CC 幅度、LU CC 数量和空间变化模型以及趋势与状态指数模型, 很好的表现了研究区LU CC 的时空特征。从整个区域来看, 前期综合LU CC 趋势和状态指数为0. 37, 处于准平衡状态;后期小于前期, 为0. 23, 处于平衡状态, 整个时段其指数为0. 35, 为准平衡状态, 呈现双向转换态势。③定位分析了研究区LU CC 情况, 发现区域草地和沼泽退化相当严重, 而且前后两期退化区在空间上有所转移。     

Urbanization pressure and modeling of urban growth: example of the Tunis Metropolitan Area

Urbanization process is a major factor of change in the Mediterranean region where pre-urban cities and new urban settlements have raised over the past decades. Several cities rapidly became regional centres or international nodes according to economic and political pressures. Urbanization (and informal settlement) causes land cover changes which can lead to deeper social, economic and environmental changes. The main objective of this paper is to provide time-series information to define and locate the evolution trends of the Tunis Metropolitan Area. In a first step, satellite imagery has been used (1986-1996 SPOT XS) to extract the land cover, identify the urbanization processes and estimate the changes. One of the main aspects is to locate informal settlement areas that grow significantly along the roadway networks in the Tunisian capital. Results show a global progression of the built-up areas of 13% in 10 years. In a second step, the urban growth evolution has been approached by using a potential model that provides general trends of feasible urban expansion, taking into account protection laws of natural and agricultural land. This type of model has not been tested on developing cities and as such it corresponds to a new planning contribution for planners who have no concept of spatially how their urban areas have changed over time and where the growth is occurring. In this case, it has been calibrated over the period of 1986-1996, and then applied to predict the location of the built-up growth over the next 10 years (1996-2006). These results can provide local authorities and other stakeholders with information towards decision support documents for future planning and monitoring plans. Moreover, they can be updated systematically through the integration of remote sensing data.     

基于区域生长的道路图像分割技术研究

对一幅给定的道路图像，首先计算其梯度图像，然后利用HOUGH变换确定粗略道路区，根据灰度直方图全局峰值个数选取区域核心点，采用近邻函数准则聚类算法选取区域生长阈值，结合单一型链接区域生长和质心型链接区域生长作为生长准则进行区域生长，得出道路区的区域描述。     

基于二维灰度图象的道路区域获取方法

针对二维灰度图象给出了一种获取道路区域的方法。首先基于边缘特性利用灰度直方图把初始生长点限定在道路区以内,然后确定区域生长阈值,以待生长点与已生长邻点的灰度接近性和已生成区域的均值接近性作为生长准则,形成准确的道路区域。     

县(市)级土地利用现状数据库关键技术实现

结合自身建立土地利用现状数据库系统的实践，探讨了GIS基础上建立县(市)级土地利用现状数据库系统的技术流程、质量控制及数据转换等问题，提出了具体可行的技术方法。