土地资源农业利用决策支持系统的研制

以土地资源可控利用原理，用人工智能语言－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ编制推理机，用Ｃ语言编制分析机，并将两者结合成集成决策系统。系统可充分挖掘土地资源潜力，明确土地资源农业利用方向，并为土地资源利用提出可行方案。     

Multitemporal SAR images for monitoring cultivation systems using case-based reasoning

This paper demonstrates that multitemporal satellite SAR images are most suitable for monitoring the rapid changes of cultivation systems in a subtropical region. A new method is proposed by applying case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to the classification of SAR images. Stratified sampling is carried out to collect the cases so that the variations of backscatters within a class can be appropriately captured. The use of discrete cases can conveniently represent the internal changes of a class under complicated situations, such as spatial changes in soil conditions and terrain features. These spatial variations are difficult to represent by using rules or mathematical equations. The proposed method has better classification performance than supervised classification methods in the study area. The case library is reusable for time-independent classification when the SAR images are acquired at the same time of the crop growth cycles for different years. The proposed method has been tested in the Pearl River Delta in South China.     

A land cover classification product over France at 1 km resolution using SPOT4/VEGETATION data

The present study focuses on the development of a new land cover classification product over France at 1 km resolution. It is based on data sets from the Earth observing system SPOT4/VEGETATION. The satellite measurements are aimed at supporting regional efforts to set up global mosaics on new land cover products. They have been acquired in the frame of the Global Land Cover 2000 project. The instrument design relies on advanced technology, which leads to an improved radiometric and geometric resolution data. Such characteristics allow taking full benefit of the daily repetitiveness of the VEGETATION wide field-of-view sensor without the drawback of a variable pixel size on the image edge. Several physical processing steps are successively operated to the images on a per-pixel basis to remove detector blindness, to filter cloud contamination, and finally to correct both atmospheric and surface anisotropy effects. A new thematic map using the K-means clustering method has been built. First, the results of the satellite-based land cover classification has been successfully compared with the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) database which serves as a reference to appraise the reliability of the study. Then, it has been inter-compared with land cover products derived from MODIS and AVHRR sensors. For this, an aggregative scheme particularly focused on major land units (forest, grassland, cropland) adopted in order to yield a whole mapping at the same geographic projection and space resolution. The discrepancies between maps enhance the quality of the proposed product, thanks to the use of advanced data processing and a more appropriate method.     

Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

The objective of this paper is to review research conducted over the past decade on the application of multi-temporal remote sensing for monitoring changes of Arctic tundra lands. Emphasis is placed on results from the National Science Foundation Land-Air-Ice Interactions (LAII) program and on optical remote sensing techniques. Case studies demonstrate that ground-level sensors on stationary or moving track platforms and wide-swath imaging sensors on polar orbiting satellites are particularly useful for capturing optical remote sensing data at sufficient frequency to study tundra vegetation dynamics and changes for the cloud prone Arctic. Less frequent imaging with high spatial resolution instruments on aircraft and lower orbiting satellites enable more detailed analyses of land cover change and calibration/validation of coarser resolution observations.The strongest signals of ecosystem change detected thus far appear to correspond to expansion of tundra shrubs and changes in the amount and extent of thaw lakes and ponds. Changes in shrub cover and extent have been documented by modern repeat imaging that matches archived historical aerial photography. NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) time series provide a 20-year record for determining changes in greenness that relates to photosynthetic activity, net primary production, and growing season length. The strong contrast between land materials and surface waters enables changes in lake and pond extent to be readily measured and monitored.     

反渗透装置处理炼油污水的优化运行

阐述了在土地勘测定界测量中,为了提高工作效率,减少在生产中出现的错误,利用VB2005结合.NET API对AutoCAD进行了二次开发。在土地分类标注文字中,把土地类别和面积分别加入到文字的扩展数据中,然后在面积统计中再提取文字中的扩展数据进行计算并输出至表格,实现了土地利用分类的标注和面积统计的自动化。     

Does moving towards renewable energy cause water and land inefficiency? An empirical investigation

This study investigates the effect of renewable energy production on water and land footprint in 58 developed and developing countries for the period of 1980–2009. Utilizing the ecological footprint as an indicator, the fixed effects, difference and system generalized method of moment (GMM) approaches were employed and eight different models were constructed to achieve robustness in the empirical outcomes. Despite the use of different methods and models, the outcome was the same whereby GDP growth, urbanization, and trade openness increase the water and land footprint. Moreover, renewable energy production increases the water and land inefficiency because of its positive effect on ecological footprint. Additionally, based on the square of GDP it is concluded that the EKC hypothesis does not exist while the square of renewable energy production indicates that renewable energy production will continue to increase water and land footprint in the future. From the outcome of this study, a number of recommendations were provided to the investigated countries.     

Monitoring by Remote Sensing of Habitat Quality Changes in Xianyang City

With the accelerating process of society，economy and urbanization，land use and landscape changes have gradually become important to make effects on regional habitat quality.It is necessary to further investigate those two effects，the result of which can provide a scientific basis for regional habitat conservation and reasonable utilization of land，then will be of great importance in habitat protection and development of the region.In this paper，the study area was located in Xianyang city，Shaanxi Province，which had the frequent human activities and obvious land use changes.Based on the classification of land use data which interpreted by remote sensing，supported by ArcGIS software，the land use transfer matrix of Xianyang from 2000 to 2010 was analyzed.Landscape metrics were calculated by the Fragstats software，which represented for the landscape pattern changes and spatial characteristics.The InVEST model was selected to evaluate habitat quality in study area.The habitat quality changes was monitored.The results indicate that the integrated land use dynamics of Xianyang city is 2.34%，and the changes of land use rate is slow.The main transition from cultivated land and grassland to forest and construction land，which cause the area of first two land use types reduced，and the latter two types increased.The degree of fragmentation and the complexity of structure in landscape are higher than before.Habitat quality improved slightly，and its overall spatial pattern is that central and north areas are relatively higher than the south.Area percentage of excellent，good and poor grades increase，while the habitat quality of medium grade significantly decline.Among 14 districts and counties of habitat quality in Xianyang city，Xunyi County is the best，and the improved magnitude of Liquan county is the most significant.The main driving force of habitat quality change is the transform of land use pattern.Therefore，the relevant departments of Xianyang city should continue to implement the ecological protection measures，and increase the intensity about the protection and management of environment.Thereby to promote the coordinated sustainable development of land use and habitats.     

灌阳县新街乡土地整治项目土地平整设计

根据灌阳县新街乡土地整治项目的基本情况,介绍了土地平整思路、设计原则及要点,总结经验,指出土地平整中应注意的一些问题,为类似工程的设计提供参考。     

The effect of FAR (floor area ratio) regulations on land values: The case of New York

This paper explores the stringency of floor area ratio (FAR), one of the land use regulations in New York, and analyses it by boroughs of New York. Stringency is presented when the regulated height is significantly lower than the free market height and the theoretical approach shows that the elasticity of the land value with respect to FAR is used to estimate the stringency. In particular, we overcome issues in previous studies by constructing a data set using publically available data through new methods. The results show that the FAR stringency in Manhattan is the highest in New York City and the stringency is lower as the distance from the centre of the city increases.     

From Flood Land to New Urban Area: Water Adaptation History and Visions for Daodi Flood Land in the West of Beijing

Daodi Flood Land, located in Mentougou District of Beijing, is a relatively separate flood land in the lower reaches and on the east of Yonding River. This largest landscape character area in the west of Beijing along the river illustrates the history of human–water interaction and discloses the trends and problems of rural urbanization. Focusing on Daodi Flood Land, this paper expands the research on adaptation by introducing basic concepts and research framework, and reviews the research trends from spatial, temporal, and participant aspects. Considering the typical characters of the study area, this research employed participatory approaches, such as mapping and problem and solution trees, due to the lack of continuous and accurate data. Basing on literature review and field investigation on issues of floods, agricultural irrigation, and water resource utilization, water adaptive development visions for the study area were proposed from perspectives of landscape and culture. Finally, the paper further analyzes the structural relations between adaptation problems, natural and social systems, passive and active adaptations, and planned and unplanned adaptations, with the aim to provide reference for relevant studies and applications of adaptation approaches in other cases.