The basalt stone quarries of eastern India

Quarrying of basalt stone in the Early Cretaceous Rajmahal Trap region of eastern India is increasing at an alarming pace. The quarries have created an extensive ugly landscape of pits and overburden dumps. The stone workshops continuously emit dust. These quarries generate year‐round employment in an impoverished terrain. The workforce mostly comprises the socio‐economically deprived indigenous tribal population. They are an important source of income to the State Governments of Jharkhand and West Bengal. While the need for building stone cannot be denied in a region that is rapidly industrialising and urbanising, issues of land degradation and health cannot be ignored. The paper offers measures to contain environmental degradation and generate alternative sources of income with bio‐fuel crops such as Jatropha curcas.     

Landscape as an Area Perceived through Activity: Implications for Diversity Management and Conservation

This article uses an activity-based understanding of landscape to explore values related to perceived land cover diversity. Perceptions within two user groups, members of landowner families and hiking tourists in a mountain area in western Norway, were related to a simultaneous land cover survey, and compared to experts' evaluations of land cover and to the aims of landscape protection in the area. Users perceived the area as being significantly more diverse and valuable than experts did, which stresses the importance of taking user perception into account in landscape protection and management. Some central landscape values were dependent upon land use outside the boundaries of the protected area. This illustrates that measures within structurally defined land units are not necessarily sufficient for maintenance of landscape values experienced by users. Land use in both respects, as an upholder of values and as a way of experiencing or perceiving them, should receive an increased role in the determination of management units.     

Peri‐urban informal housing development in Victorian England: the contribution of freehold land societies

Self‐help housing in peri‐urban areas (usually outside municipal boundaries) is a feature, not only of rapidly urbanizing countries now in the South, but was also in Victorian England, where it was often initiated by freehold land societies, created by the Chartist movement in order to expand the franchise. These bodies bought and subdivided land for sale to their members, and laid out roads, using legal powers conferred upon the building societies. The societies made a significant contribution to housing for the urban working class, and preceded the garden city and town planning movement promoted by Liberal politicians. A case study is presented of one successful provincial society, the Ipswich and Suffolk Freehold Land Society.     

基于主体功能区划思想的荆州市国土空间划分研究

研究探讨了荆州市国土空间划分的基本思路和主导因素,设定"县域"为分析评价单元,通过定性分析判定一部分区域的国土功能区的类型划分,采用多指标综合评判法最终形成国土功能区划方案,并对不同功能分区发展的政策导向进行了深入分析。研究表明,对于荆州市这样自然环境条件区域分异明显、人口集聚和经济发展水平差异显著、市域内交通指向主导经济布局的地区,在划分国土功能区时,应综合考虑应用市域单元、乡镇单元两种尺度,避免"一刀切"。     

新型城镇化背景下的中国农村土地制度变革研究

中国农村土地制度变革在即.文章首先讨论了在新型城镇化的历史背景下需要关注“三农”问题和农村土地制度变革,进而阐述中国农村土地制度的历史变迁、本质特征,分析其历史贡献和当前面临的制度困境,在此基础上研究主张私有化的激进土地制度变革及坚持集体化的保守土地制度变革两种不同的方式,及其与不同的城镇化策略结合后将会对中国城镇化进程产生深刻的影响.文章最后指出,在农村土地制度改革方向的选择上,笔者反对集体土地的私有化,而倾向于在土地集体所有制内部进行具体制度设计的优化和调整.     

矿区土地复垦面临的困难及对策

分析了当前我国土地复垦面临的形势及矿区土地复垦在社会环境、资金、技术、管理和科技成果转化等方面遇到的困难，并就解决办法提出了看法。     

孝义铝矿土地复垦良性发展研究

孝义铝矿10年来土地复垦工作取得了一定成绩，但由于种种原因，迟迟未能步入良性循环的发展轨道。对孝义铝矿土地复垦情况进行了分析，研究了产生问题的原因，探讨了解决矛盾的办法。为实现铝土矿土地复垦工作的良性发展，提出了完善复垦工艺设备、适当减轻企业负担、采取政府监管下的灵活的复垦土地政策等多项对策和措施。     

矿山关闭及其生态环境恢复分析

矿山关闭及其生态环境恢复已成为我国的研究重点和难点，但其关闭的科学程序与相应措施还未得到深入研究。本文从矿山可持续发展角度，针对矿山关闭中存在的问题，本文根据国内外相关文献和我国矿山关闭现状情况．阐明矿山关闭及其生态环境恢复中存在矿企外部成本转嫁、产权配置效率低、缺少闭矿规划和忽视生态安全等的问题．在闭矿后合理发展生态农业是缓解经济衰竭的重要措施．并提出编制闭矿规划、调整产权关系、生态环境乡土化、加强矿区地质环境与生态环境的监测、发展特色旅游事业等相应建议。     

杨家坪地面沉陷机理及预测分析

杨家坪辖区内煤矿资源十分丰富，自20世纪90年代以来，该村开始出现裂缝、地面塌陷等灾害，且呈加剧之势。对该村地面沉陷机理进行分析并建立了相应的模型对沉陷进行了预测，预测结果与实际较符合。     

农村土地征用补偿问题研究

当前的农村土地征用是指我国农村土地在国家与农村集体之间所有权的转移,它是国家为了公共利益的需要,依照法律的规定,在给予了农村集体经济组织和农民个人相应的补偿后,将农村集体经济组织所有的土地转变为国家所有。就是这看似简单的所有权的转移,实践中却存在着大量的问题。其中补偿标准偏低、补偿方式单一成为困扰我国土地征用的两大难题,理论层面、制度层面、操作层面三个层次探寻解决的对策。