Introduction to the special section on assessing personality characteristics in clinical settings.

Personality assessment in clinical settings is an important and often difficult undertaking, requiring the collection and integration of extensive personal history, personality, and symptomatic information. Clinicians are frequently faced with making important decisions on the basis of limited information. New conceptualizations and new techniques for describing personality and behavior are welcome additions to the clinician's assessment battery, and if productive, are eagerly sought to enhance clinical assessment. The goals of this special section are threefold: First, in their contribution, Costa and McCrae (1991a) explore the possibility that the NEO can provide new and different information that practitioners would find valuable in depicting or describing clients in the clinical assessment context. Second, the article by Ben-Porath and Waller (1991a) provides insight into the criteria by which "normal-range" assessment instruments might be evaluated. They examine the NEO on the basis of these criteria. Third, we hope that the Costa/McCrae (1992a, 1992b) and Ben-Porath/Waller (1992a, 1992b) discussion will serve as a productive interchange on the potential utility of this assessment approach for clinical assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A multimethod assessment of juvenile psychopathy: Comparing the predictive utility of the PCL:YV, YPI, and NEO PRI.

The current study compares 3 distinct approaches for measuring juvenile psychopathy and their utility for predicting short- and long-term recidivism among a sample of 1,170 serious male juvenile offenders. The assessment approaches compared a clinical interview method (the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]; Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003), a new self-report measure (the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory; Andershed, Kerr, Stattin, & Levander, 2002), and a personality-based approach (the NEO Psychopathy Resemblance Index; Lynam & Widiger, 2007). Results indicate a modest overlap between the 3 measures (rs = .26–.36); however, youths were often identified as psychopathic by 1 measure but not by others. Measures were weakly correlated with reoffending during subsequent 6- and 12-month periods. Findings suggest that although such scores may be useful indicators of the need for heightened monitoring in the short term, care should be taken when making predictions about long-term recidivism among adolescents. Moreover, the lack of long-term predictive power for the PCL:YV and the inconsistent psychopathy designations obtained with different measures raise serious questions about the use of such measures as the basis for legal or clinical treatment decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Low-power MicroVrms noise neural spike detector for implantable interface microsystem device

In this paper, an ultra-low-power and low-noise spike detector is proposed for massive integration in the implantable multichannel brain neural recording device. The detector circuit with nonlinear energy operator (NEO) algorithms achieves the spike detecting from action potential including complex noise. The spike detector circuit consists of a differentiator with a fully-differential structure and a multiplier based on CMOS translinear using sub-threshold technique. The differentiator has the steepness of a transmission function with frequency +20 dB/dec, frequency response from 10 Hz to 10.5 kHz. The linear range of multiplier is from −0.9 V to 0.9 V at V_DD = ±1.65 V. The spike detector is implemented in 0.35 μm technology with fully-CMOS process. One detector die size is 0.0187 mm² and its total current consumption of 825 nA. As is demonstrated by measured results, the proposed circuit has detected the instantaneous energy of the input real spike signals well, which the noise of small than 218 μV_rms over a nominal bandwidth of 500–10.5 kHz.     

基于双边假设检验的NEO改变帧长度机制

使用双边假设检验来检测更新信息到达时间间隔的变化情况,根据当前网络状况精确计算帧长度调整值以改进原NEO协议简单比较及粗略调整帧长度的缺陷。将该协议中改变帧长度的投票权转交给游戏引擎,避免强制玩家参与投票。实验结果表明,改进后的帧长度随网络状况平稳变化,更接近真实网络状态,在一定程度上提升了协议性能。     

电网电压对称跌落下的双馈感应发电机PI-R控制及改进

针对双馈感应发电机组转子侧变流器,提出一种基于比例积分谐振(PI+resonant,PI-R)调节器的磁链有源衰减改进控制算法。对电网电压三相对称跌落故障下的定子磁链和转子过压暂态响应进行分析,通过改进转子电流控制加快定子暂态磁链衰减并消除磁链振荡,降低转子过压和过流。与常规PI调节器相比,PI-R能同时对基波直流指令和谐振频率处交流指令实现无静差响应,提高系统对电网电压跌落的抗扰性,保证改进算法的控制精度。该文给出了磁链有源衰减中暂态转子电流的计算方法和PI-R参数设计原则,仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和改进算法的有效性。     

基于非线性能量算子和匹配滤波的锋电位检测与分类

对神经电活动的研究,需要对记录的神经锋电位(spike)进行检测和分类.传统的锋电位检测与分类的过程受噪声影响很大,尤其是在锋电位分类的过程中,由于神经信号采集很难达到高的信噪比,因此研究较低信噪比下检测与分类的算法具有重要的意义.本文提供了一种运算简单的神经信号锋电位的检测与分类算法.针对锋电位的检测,本文使用非线性能量算子(NEO)来提高信噪比.在锋电位分类过程中,通过获取不同类别锋电位的模板构建匹配滤波器,对检出的锋电位在不同滤波器下进行滤波,确定锋电位对锋电位模板的相关性,然后使用非线性能量算子来加强相关性,从而确定分类.通过使用自主设计的大鼠神经信号双通道采集系统采集到仿真数据(数据由NSS-128的神经信号模拟器产生),获得了可准确量度的标准数据,通过在这组数据上加不同程度的噪声,测试文章提到的算法.在检测方面,信噪比有约5倍的提升.分类方面相比单纯的匹配滤波,在一定的信噪比范围内,正确率由90%提升到100%.同时采集了部分实际神经数据,并用文中的检测方法进行了测试.     

基于图形数据库的DBLP数据存储

DBLP数据不但数据规模大,而且数据之间存在多种类型的关联关系,包括合作关系、写作关系、引用关系等。采用关系数据存储时不但存在大量的数据冗余,并且难于动态更新,为解决复杂关联关系的高效存储与动态更新问题,提出一种基于图形数据库的DBLP数据表示与存储方法,论文、作者、书籍等实体以节点存储,而实体间的各种关系以多类型的边存储。实验表明该方法能够有效支持关联关系的动态增删、多阶查询、深度遍历、广度遍历等操作,有效解决了复杂关联关系的数据存储问题。     

NEO Bankside

Beyond the City's walls, Southwark was for hundreds of years one of the capital's liveliest boroughs: London's industrial backyard and entertainment district. It was the site of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre and the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens as well as several prisons, such as the Marshalsea. However, it fell into decline in the late 20th century as print works and the London docks closed. Matthew Gandy describes a new development in Southwark, adjacent to Tate Modern, which marks its reinvention as a luxurious enclave for the internationally rich. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is the genetic structure of human personality universal? A cross-cultural twin study from North America, Europe, and Asia.

This study examined whether universality of the 5-factor model (FFM) of personality operationalized by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory is due to genetic influences that are invariant across diverse nations. Factor analyses were conducted on matrices of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations estimated in a sample of 1,209 monozygotic and 701 dizygotic twin pairs from Canada, Germany, and Japan. Five genetic and environmental factors were extracted for each sample. High congruence coefficients were observed when phenotypic, genetic, and environmental factors were compared in each sample as well as when each factor was compared across samples. These results suggest that the FFM has a solid biological basis and may represent a common heritage of the human species. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles meaningful? Differential item and facet functioning in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

Measurement invariance is a prerequisite for confident cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in factor loadings and intercepts for the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa, Jr., & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in comparisons of college students in the United States (N = 261), Philippines (N = 268), and Mexico (N = 775). About 40%–50% of the items exhibited some form of DIF and item-level noninvariance often carried forward to the facet level at which scores are compared. After excluding DIF items, some facet scales were too short or unreliable for cross-cultural comparisons, and for some other facets, cultural mean differences were reduced or eliminated. The results indicate that considerable caution is warranted in cross-cultural comparisons of personality profiles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)