NaCl浓度和pH对肉糜中脂肪微粒蛋白吸收量及凝胶特性的影响

研究了不同浓度（0．2mol／L和0．6mol／L）NaCl和pH（6．0和6．5）对肉糜中脂肪微粒表面蛋白吸收量、乳化稳定性、凝胶硬度和微观结构的影响。研究结果表明,高浓度（0．6mol／L）NaCl能够显著提高肉糜中脂肪微粒表面蛋白吸收量和单位界面膜蛋白吸收量,有效地改善肉糜乳化稳定性、凝胶硬度和微观结构等指标（P〈0.05）。但在相同浓度（0．2mol／L和0．6mol／L）NaCl条件下,较大pH（6．0和6．5）对脂肪微粒表面蛋白吸收量、单位界面膜蛋白吸收量、乳化稳定性、凝胶硬度和微观结构等指标无作用效果（P〉0．05）．因此．本实验认为0．6mol／L NaCl（pH6．0和6．5）的提取条件下能够充分剪切肌肉蛋白和脂肪,肉糜乳化性能好.     

Innovative method to produce large-area freestanding functional ceramic foils

Using thick and thin films instead of bulk functional materials presents tremendous advantages in the field of flexible electronics and component miniaturization. Here, a low-cost method to grow and release large-area, microscale thickness, freestanding, functional, ceramic foils is reported. It uses evaporation of sodium chloride to silicon wafer substrates as sacrificial layers, upon which functional lead titanate zirconate ceramic films are grown at 710?°C maximum temperature to validate the method. The freestanding, functional foils are then released by dissolution of the sacrificial sodium chloride in water and have the potential to be integrated into low-thermal stability printed circuits and flexible substrates. The optimization of the sodium chloride layer surface quality and bonding strength with the underlying wafer is achieved thanks to pre-annealing treatment.     

Effect of Mo on corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in air with NaCl–KCl–CaCl2 vapor at 570°C

The effect of Mo on the corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in an oxidizing chlorine-containing atmosphere using air mixed with the salt-vapor mixture of NaCl–KCl–CaCl₂ at 570°C was investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion performance of the Ni20Cr alloys in the oxidizing chlorine atmosphere was improved by Mo addition of up to 3 wt%. The Mo-free alloy formed a potassium chromate during corrosion as a result of the reaction between the Cr₂O₃ scale and KCl vapor. The chromate formation increased the chlorine potential at the scale surface and induced the breakdown of the protective Cr₂O₃ scale, resulting in internal chromium chloride precipitates and a Cr-depleted zone. In contrast, the presence of Mo resulted in the formation of a NiO scale, which did not react with the salt vapors and, therefore, prevented the formation of chromates. The beneficial effect of Mo on the high-temperature chlorination of Ni–Cr alloys in salt-vapor-containing atmospheres was ascribed to the suppression of chlorine generation due to NiO scale formation.     

某碳质金精矿富氧焙烧—氯化浸出试验研究

某碳质金精矿直接氰化浸出金浸出率很低,小于30%,为进一步提高金浸出率,针对碳质金精矿性质,进行了富氧焙烧—氯化浸出试验研究。结果表明:与常规氧化焙烧相比,富氧焙烧降低了焙烧温度,缩短了焙烧时间;富氧焙烧最佳焙烧温度550℃~600℃,氧气体积分数50%,焙烧时间2.0 h,在此条件下,碳、硫去除率均在95%以上;焙砂采用M-NaCl氯化浸出,在最佳浸出条件为固液比1∶6,浸液pH=3,浸出剂用量8 kg/t,试样粒度62~75μm,浸出时间4 h时,金浸出率可达92.50%,相对于试样直接氯化浸出时有显著提高;表明富氧焙烧—氯化浸出工艺是可行的。     

Temperature and NaCl deposition dependent corrosion of SAC305 solder alloy in simulated marine atmosphere

The stable operation of electronic devices in marine atmospheric environment is affected by the corrosion deterioration of solder joints,and the effects by atmosphere temperature and chloride deposition are critical.In this work,NaCl deposition and temperature dependent corrosion of Pb-free SAC305 solder in simulated marine atmosphere has been investigated.The results indicate that higher NaCl deposition prolongs the surface wetting time and leads to the final thicker saturated electrolyte film for further corrosion.Higher temperature accelerates the evaporation and contributes to the final thinner saturated NaCl electrolyte film.Besides,the corrosion control process varies under the initially covered thicker NaCl electrolyte layer and under the final saturated much thinner NaCl electrolyte film as the evaporation proceeds.Moreover,the ready oxygen availability through the final thinner saturated NaCl electrolyte film facilitates the formation of corrosion product layer mainly of electrochemically stable SnO2,but higher temperature leads to the final corrosion product layer with smaller crystal size and large cracks.The findings clearly demonstrate the effects of NaCl deposition and temperature on corrosion evolution of SAC305 solder joints and are critical to the daily maintenance of electronic devices for longer service life in marine atmosphere.     

Hierarchically Porous Co/CoxMy (M = P,N) as an Efficient Mott–Schottky Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution in Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries

Tailoring composition and morphology of electrocatalysts is of great importance in improving their catalytic performance. Herein, a salt‐templated strategy is proposed to construct novel multicomponent Co/Co_xM_y (M = P, N) hybrids with outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained Co/Co_xM_y hybrids present porous sheet‐like architecture consisting of many hierarchical secondary building‐units. The synthetic strategy depends on a facile and effective dissolution–recrystallization–pyrolysis process under NH₃ atmosphere of the precursors, which does not involve any surfactant or long‐time hydrothermal pretreatment. That is different from the conventional methods for the synthesis of hierarchical nitrides/phosphides. Benefitting from unique composition/structure‐dependent merits, the Co/Co_xM_y hybrids as a typical Mott–Schottky electrocatalyst exhibit good OER performance in an alkaline medium compared with their counterparts, as evidenced by a low overpotential of 334 mV at 10 mA cm^?2 and a small Tafel slope of 79.2 mV dec^?1, as well as superior long‐term stability. More importantly, the Co/Co_xM_y+Pt/C achieves higher voltaic efficiency and several times longer cycle life than conventional RuO₂+Pt/C catalysts in rechargeable Zn–air batteries. It is envisioned that the present work can provide a new avenue for the development of Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts for sustainable energy storage.     

Characterization of corrosion behavior of aluminum welds reinforced with copper powder

This paper reports on the corrosion behavior of aluminum metal inert gas (MIG) welds reinforced with copper powder particles. Pure aluminum, AA1100 sheets, machined to a 45° v-grooved were used for this experiment. Copper powder particle reinforced samples and unreinforced samples were investigated. The corrosion behavior of the samples were investigated in 3.5 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. The results revealed that the corrosion resistance for reinforced samples were higher than those for unreinforced samples. Hence the corrosion resistance of aluminum AA1100 welds can be improved by the addition of copper powder particle in the weld seam, and it is therefore recommended for typical industrial applications.     

Dual Catalytic and Self-Assembled Growth of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Through Simultaneous Predeposition Process

The recent introduction of alkali metal halide catalysts for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has enabled remarkable two-dimensional (2D) growth. However, the process development and growth mechanism require further exploration to enhance the effects of salts and understand the principles. Herein, simultaneous predeposition of a metal source (MoO₃) and salt (NaCl) by thermal evaporation is adopted. As a result, remarkable growth behaviors such as promoted 2D growth, easy patterning, and potential diversity of target materials can be achieved. Step-by-step spectroscopy combined with morphological analyses reveals a reaction path for MoS₂ growth in which NaCl reacts separately with S and MoO₃ to form Na₂SO₄ and Na₂Mo₂O₇ intermediates, respectively. These intermediates provide a favorable environment for 2D growth, including an enhanced source supply and liquid medium. Consequently, large grains of monolayer MoS₂ are formed by self-assembly, indicating the merging of small equilateral triangular grains on the liquid intermediates. This study is expected to serve as an ideal reference for understanding the principles of salt catalysis and evolution of CVD in the preparation of 2D TMDs.