NiCo2O4 arrays nanostructures on nickel foam: Morphology control and application for pseudocapacitors

The design of electrode materials with desirable morphology is of great importance and challenge to fabricate high-performance supercapacitors. In this work, NiCo₂O₄ nanopetal, nanosheet, nanoneedle and nanorod arrays on nickel foam have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method. The morphologies of NiCo₂O₄ arrays can be easily controlled by adjusting the kinds of alkali source and the addition of NH₄F. The electrochemical results show that the NiCo₂O₄ nanoneedles electrode has the optimal electrochemical performance among four samples, demonstrating its promising application potential for high performance supercapacitors. This investigation about morphology control of NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials and the relationship between the morphologies and corresponding electrochemical performances provides strategies to enhance the performance of supercapacitor electrodes.     

超临界甲醇中前驱物对制备超细镍粉体的影响

本文以不同的镍基前驱物（氧化镍、乙酸镍、硝酸镍）在超临界甲醇条件下制备超细镍粉体,考察了体系温度、压力、反应时间以及前驱物种类对制备超细镍粉体的影响。通过SEM和XRD对制备产物的形貌和物相进行表征分析。结果表明,超临界甲醇的还原性随着温度和压力的升高而显著增强,在反应体系中,甲醇既起到溶剂作用又起到还原剂的作用。此外,通过考察前驱物种类对制备过程的影响可知,前驱物的种类对制备超细镍有显著的影响,乙酸镍在超临界甲醇250 ℃,9 MPa条件下即能够得到纯的超细镍,硝酸镍则需要更高的温度和压力（280 ℃,14.0 MPa）,而以氧化镍为前驱物时即使在300 ℃,20 MPa的条件下也只得到镍和氧化镍的混合物。     

Ni含量和烧结压力对SPS法制备NiTi合金显微组织及摩擦学性能的影响

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结法(SPS)在1000℃制备了NiTi合金,研究了镍含量和烧结压力对NiTi合金致密度、显微组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：通过高能球磨后,粉末颗粒尺寸减小,随着镍含量增加,Ni相衍射峰向高角度偏移。NiTi合金致密度随着烧结压力增大而增大,在低烧结压力下,合金致密度随着镍含量增加从94.7%降低到84.6%;在高烧结压力下,合金致密度随着镍含量增加表现出先增加后减小的趋势,在镍含量为45%(质量分数,下同)时,合金致密度最低。NiTi合金中主要由NiTi相、NiTi₂相和Ni₃Ti相组成,Ni₃Ti相含量随着镍含量和烧结压力增大而增大,并且镍含量和烧结压力增大会引起Ni₃Ti相晶格畸变。随着镍含量从0%增加到65%时,合金显微硬度先增大后减小,在镍含量为50%时,显微硬度最大。在相同化学成分下,合金显微硬度随着烧结压力增大而增大。增大镍含量和烧结压力会降低NiTi合金磨损率,显著提高合金耐磨性。室温下NiTi合金的磨损机制是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

镍基高温合金表面完整性研究现状分析

表面完整性是评价零件表面加工质量的重要标准之一。在切削镍基高温合金GH4169的过程中,加工硬化、变质层的形成等是重要的加工难题,因此研究GH4169零件的表面完整性对其高速切削加工过程有重要的意义。从表面粗糙度、表面加工硬化、白层以及表面残余应力等方面对切削镍基高温合金的表面完整性研究进展进行总结,从切削用量、工艺参数和刀具的选用等方面为提升加工零件表面质量提供了重要依据。     

Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Behaviours of Cast Nickel Aluminium Bronze in 3.5% NaCl Solution with Different Sulphide Concentrations

The effect of sulphide(Na_2S) concentration(SC) on the corrosion and cavitation erosion behaviours of a cast nickel aluminium bronze(NAB) in 3.5% NaCl solution is investigated in this study.The results show that when the SC exceeds 50 ppm,the hydrogen evolution reaction dominates the cathodic process,and a limiting current region appears in the anodic branch of the polarisation curve due to the formation of a copper sulphide film,which is a diffusion-controlled process.After longterm immersion,the increased mass loss rate of NAB with the sulphide additions of 20 and 50 ppm is attributed to the less protective films,which contains a mixture of copper oxides and sulphides.Moreover,NAB undergoes severe localised corrosion(selective phase corrosion,SPC) at the β' phases and eutectoid microstructure α+κ_Ⅲ.By comparison,NAB undergoes general corrosion and a copper sulphide film is formed in 100 and 200 ppm sulphide solutions.Cavitation erosion greatly increases the corrosion rate of NAB in all solutions and causes a negative potential shift in 3.5% NaCl solution due to the film destruction.However,a positive potential shift occurs in the solutions with SC higher than 50 ppm due to the accelerated mass transfer of the cathodic process.The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of NAB increases with the increase of SC.The occurrence of severe SPC decreases the phase boundary cohesion and causes brittle fracture under the cavitation impact.The corrosion-enhanced erosion is the most predominant factor for the cavitation erosion damage when the SC exceeds 50 ppm.     

A quick method for evaluating the thresholds of workpiece surface damage in machining

This paper proposes a Pendulum-Based Cutting Test (PBCT) methodology which allows quick cutting tests for surface integrity evaluation along with providing cutting energies associated with particular level of workpiece surface damage, this is backed by an unified cutting energy model that links damage level of machined surface with energy partition in the cutting area. PBCT method could rapidly define the energy transferred to the workpiece that incurs particular magnitude of surface damage without using conventional machine tools and monitor the cutting process while only limited amount of materials is required. A demonstration of the proposed method is presented for Inconel718.     

金川二矿区深部开采稳定性分析和采矿设计优化研究

金川二矿区已进入深部开采。在采用下向胶结充填法的条件下，能不能实现无矿柱连续回采，对矿山的产量和效益影响极大。本文使用非线性有限元对预留间隔矿柱和不预留间隔矿柱两种方案的围岩应力、位移和塑性区分布以及采场的稳定性状态进行了系统的分析和比较，论证了二矿区深部实施无矿柱连续回采的合理性和可行性，为二矿区深部采矿设计优化提供了依据。     

金川矿区的下向胶结充填采矿法

金川矿区通过20年的生产实践,在3～5万m~2矿体上连续、大面积地使用下向胶结充填采矿法,取得了很大成绩。笔者在总结经验的基础上,对大面积开采中的矿柱留设、开采顺序、多阶段开采等问题提出了具体建议。     

利用原料1生产金属化阳极板试验研究

本文介绍了利用原料1在合金硫化炉进行金属化阳极板试验的过程。通过在合金硫化炉中进行原料1硫化、吹炼等试验过程,达到提镍降硫的目的。并在试验过程中摸索出了生产金属化阳极板的关键参数,同时对金属化阳极板中化学成分、镍直收率、钴直收率等关键指标进行了分析,为金属化阳极板的工业化生产提供了理论依据。     

Comparison of Soybean and Cottonseed Oils upon Hydrogenation with Nickel,Palladium and Platinum Catalysts

There is current interest in reducing the trans fatty acids (TFA) in hydrogenated vegetable oils because consumption of foods high in TFA has been linked to increased serum cholesterol content. In the interest of understanding the TFA levels, hydrogenation was carried out in this work on soybean oil and cottonseed oil at two pressures (2 and 5 bar) and 100 °C using commercially available Ni, Pd, and Pt catalysts. The TFA levels and the fatty acid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography. The iodine value of interest is ~70 for all-purpose shortening and 95–110 for pourable oil applications. In all cases, higher hydrogen pressures produced lower levels of TFA. In the range of 70–95 iodine values for the hydrogenated products, the Pt catalyst gave the least TFA, followed closely by Ni, and then Pd, for both oils. For all three catalysts at 2- and 5-bar pressures and 70–95 iodine values, cottonseed oil contained noticeably less TFA than soybean oil; this is probably because cottonseed oil contains a lower total amount of olefin-containing fatty acids relative to soybean oil. Approximate kinetic modeling was also done on the hydrogenation data that provided additional confirmation of data consistency.