Effect of spray nozzle design on liquid-solid contact in fluidized beds

In industrial fluid cokers the feedstock, consisting of heavy bituminous hydrocarbons, is atomized with steam and injected into a hot fluidized bed of coke. Good and uniform contact of the liquid droplets with the solid particles is required to provide heat for the cracking reactions while minimizing mass transfer effects. Experiments in a pilot plant coker have suggested that the initial particle/liquid mixing, in the spray jet, is rather poor. Experiments in a X-ray scanner showed that liquid droplets and entrained particles accumulate just below the tip of the jet plume to form agglomerates.An experimental technique was used to quantitatively determine the quality of mixing with a variety of nozzle configurations including several novel designs. By improving spray stability, redistributing liquid droplets to the solids-rich region of the jet and increasing the surface area of the gas-liquid jet-fluidized bed interface, liquid/solid contact is improved.     

空气调节中加湿处理的方案选择--某商标编织车间的空调设计

本文针对散热量大 ,散湿量小并要求控制室内相对湿度的场所进行了空调方案的分析比较 ,由此选择了一种比较节能和节省投资的空调设计方案。     

EFFECT OF CROSS FLOW ON THE SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INDUSTRIAL FEED NOZZLE

The spray characteristics of a scaled-down version of an industrial feed nozzle are studied in the presence of a cross flow. Aerated liquid nitrogen is injected through the nozzle to generate the spray. The aeration rate is low and held constant, while two different liquid flow rates are used to produce the spray. A nonuniform wind profile is chosen to represent the cross flow condition. The droplet diameter and velocity measurements are acquired using a phase-Doppler particle analyzer. The results of the present study indicate that the spray momentum flux determines the extent of the jet bending. The droplets are accelerated significantly in the initial jet region as a result of flashing. However, further downstream of the nozzle, the vaporization of the droplets is considered to be negligible. The size-velocity correlation changes significantly for the case where the spray is shifted due to the cross flow.     

多声路超声波流量计在引水明渠中的流量测量分析

介绍了多声路超声波流量计在明渠中的流量测量原理,并通过多声路时差式超声波流量计在引水明渠上的实例应用对影响流量测量的误差源进行了具体的分析。     

煤化工专用黑水阀阀座流通性能研究

介绍了一种煤化工专用黑水阀的结构构成,并提出进行该型号阀门流通性能研究的重要性。建立流道三维模型,应用CFD有限元分析软件,模拟黑水阀内部流场分布情况,分析可视化结果,确定阀座/阀芯易损位置。分别对不同阀座渐扩角时模型进行仿真模拟,得到阀门进、出口压力值,并依此计算Cv值大小,拟合流量系数曲线,提出阀门在实现最大介质流通时阀座渐扩角范围,为阀门设计提供重要的理论参考。     

Comparison of different flowability tests for powders for inhalation

A series of placebo powders for inhalation was characterized regarding bulk density and powder flowability using different techniques. The powders were of the ordered mixture type and were prepared by mixing a pharmaceutical carrier grade of lactose with different fractions of intermediate sized and fine (i.e., micronized) lactose. A modified Hausner Ratio was obtained by measurement of the poured and the compressed bulk densities. Other tests investigated were the angle of repose, the avalanching behaviour using the AeroFlow, and the yield strength using the Uniaxial tester. Furthermore, the relation between ordered mixture composition and flowability was examined.Of the methods investigated, the modified Hausner Ratio discriminates well between the investigated powders and seems to have the widest measuring range. It was also found that the poured and compressed bulk densities provide information about the packing of the particles in the powders. A good correlation was obtained between the modified Hausner Ratio and the angle of repose. The AeroFlow was suitable for powders with a low percentage of fine particles, but could not discriminate between the more cohesive powders. The Uniaxial tester, on the other hand, seems to be better suited for more cohesive powders.Regarding the powder composition, addition of micronized particles has a strong influence on the flowability of ordered mixtures, while intermediate sized particles have little impact on the powder flow.     

微波着陆引导系统多径效应的数字仿真

为分析和评估多路径效应对MLS测角误差影响,提出了一种基于几何光学和射线寻迹理论的MLS多路径角度误差数字仿真新方法. 该方法依据几何光学和几何绕射理论在获得多径信号与直达信号电压比的基础上,通过射线寻迹计算多径直达信号相位差,而后对叠加包络的角度误差方向图分解为波束内和波束外多路径误差进行研究,实现角度误差数字仿真. 利用该方法对某机场典型环境的多路径问题进行了数字仿真,并将仿真结果与经典模型进行了对比,验证了其可行性.     

提高锅炉雾化喷嘴的雾化效果的几种手段

雾化喷嘴是各行各业中都非常关键的设备,其雾化效果在工农业中都非常重要,雾化的手段和方法更是多种多样,而提高雾化效果对于节能、环保等都非常关键,本文将着重介绍提高喷嘴雾化效果的几种方法。     

依据角度位置变速的铺匀器控制系统

用角度测量传感器，检测铺匀器的角度变化，并用新型的电、液控制技术，实施了对铺匀器的变速控制。此设计经实际使用，效果良好。     

Analysis of surface integrity for minimum quantity lubricant—MQL in grinding

The quality of machined components is currently of high interest, for the market demands mechanical components of increasingly high performance, not only from the standpoint of functionality but also from that of safety. Components produced through operations involving the removal of material display surface irregularities resulting not only from the action of the tool itself, but also from other factors that contribute to their superficial texture. This texture can exert a decisive influence on the application and performance of the machined component. This article analyzes the behavior of the minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) technique and compares it with the conventional cooling method. To this end, an optimized fluid application method was devised using a specially designed nozzle, by the authors, through which a minimum amount of oil is sprayed in a compressed air flow, thus meeting environmental requirements. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the concept of the MQL in the grinding process. The performance of the MQL technique in the grinding process was evaluated based on an analysis of the surface integrity (roughness, residual stress, microstructure and microhardness). The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQL.