测定金属凝固温度场的实验教学

介绍材料成型与控制专业材料成形原理中测定金属凝固温度场实验的教学案例。从建立Fe-C状态图的实验方法讲起，较为清晰地说明各种成分金属液的冷却曲线对了解合金性质，了解合金动态凝固行为的作用，并进一步引伸到近代利用所测定的金属凝固温度场的数据对相应温度场所开展的数学模拟和计算机仿真的结果进行评估，从而为用遗传算法、人工神经网络依据试验设计所取得的凝固温度数据，进行高精度建模、优化和预测服务。     

铁矿石冶金性能实验方法的改进

在不影响实验结果的前提下，对铁矿石的还原度实验方法进行改进。改进后每个实验时间缩短3～4．5h，且大大降低了实验成本。     

共轨喷油器参数优化研究

现代柴油机采用共轨喷油器已经成为其必不可少的环节,对共轨喷油器的工作特性研究具有重要意义。通过对共轨喷油器的主要结构进行数学建模,得出影响喷油器喷油特性和泄漏特性的结构参数。利用AMESim软件对共轨喷油器的工作过程进行仿真分析,得出单个结构参数对喷油率和泄漏量的影响,由此选择合理范围的结构参数进行正交试验,选用综合平衡法对指标进行评价。得出最优结构参数,优化方案在提高喷油器喷油率以及降低泄漏方面有明显的效果。     

正交试验优化电镀Zn-Ni-P合金工艺

选取影响电镀Zn-Ni-P合金的6个工艺参数，设计了125(56)正交试验方案，探讨了镀液组成和电镀制度对Zn-Ni—P合金镀层性能的影响，用极差法分析了各工艺参数对镀层性能影响的显著性并确定了最佳工艺条件。优化验证实验结果表明：该工艺稳定，得到光亮、致密、外观平整的Zn-Ni—P合金镀层，得到的锌镍磷合金镀层的耐蚀性优于锌镍合金，且其耐蚀性随镀层中磷含量的增大而提高。     

A critical analysis on the friction modelling in orthogonal machining

Despite the development of high performance finite element-based codes, the simulation of machining still represents a very hard task due to the geometric complexity of the real chip-tool systems and the high cutting speed that requires very long simulation times. For these reasons, many aspects related to machining are not very clear and so easy to simulate. In this paper a rigorous investigation on the role played by the implemented friction model within a 2D simulation of orthogonal cutting was carried out, taking into account different models proposed by the researchers in the last years. The main simulation results were compared with experimental measurements in order to verify if it is possible to identify the best model. Once the comparison with mechanical variables was completed, a subsequent study on temperature predictions utilizing the above friction models was executed as well. The results of this integrated numerical and experimental work are carefully reported in the paper.     

谈化学新教材的实验设计

在高中化学教学中,用好经典装置的同时,应鼓励学生设计出比“经典装置”更好的新装置,这样不仅培养了学生的环保意识而且还发挥了化学实验在培养学生创新能力上的独特优势。     

循环流化床锅炉J形返料阀的试验研究

对循环流化床锅炉J形返料阀以充气口高度、J阀管径和J阀管转弯处圆弧段所包围的角度这3个因素作为影响J阀调节性能的结构因素 ,以物料流量和J阀充气量之间的线性相关系数、回归直线斜率和流量调节范围为优化试验指标 ,通过正交试验获得了J阀的最优结构     

突扩突跌掺气设施后泄槽底板脉动压力试验研究

有压洞出口后的突扩突跌掺气减蚀设施在水利工程中经常使用。由于水流受边界条件和掺气的影响,其流态和脉动压力往往与普通水槽的情况有很大的不同。通过水工模型试验,对突扩突跌掺气设施后泄槽底板上的脉动压力进行研究,揭示了掺气设施后泄槽底板上不同流动区域的脉动压力特性。从脉动压力的时域过程、均方根值、偏态系数、峰态系数和主频率等多方面得出冲击区、反射区和稳定区脉动压力的特性是不相同的结论。同一流量时,沿流程底板的时均压力都大于脉动压力的均方根值,在冲击区、反射区和稳定区,脉动压力的均方根值分别是同位置时均压力值的约0.5倍、0.6倍和0.7倍。研究成果可为更好地利用突扩突跌掺气设施提供有益的理论和试验依据。     

S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸的合成

由溴化苄和L-半胱氨酸直接合成S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸,通过正交试验及统计分析,检验了各影响因子的显著性,确定了最佳工艺条件为：反应时间2.5h,反应温度45℃,原料配比n（溴化苄）：n（L-半胱氨酸）=1：1.在此条件下反应,摩尔产率可达到95%.     

Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: The effect of particle size of the rock phosphate

North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP) (highly carbonate—substituted apatite) was ground to produce three samples with different particle size distributions. The effectiveness of these fertilizers was compared with the effectiveness of superphosphate in a field experiment and three glasshouse experiments using lateritic soils from south-western Australia. Non-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit) was also used in the pot experiments. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil is widely used in Western Australia to predict plant yields from previously-applied fertilizer dressings. For both field and pot experiments bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (soil test value) was measured and related to subsequent plant yields.As calculated from the initial slope of the relationship between yield and the level of P applied, finely powdered NCRP was about 5–32% as effective as freshly-applied superphosphate in the year of application and also for two years after application in the field experiment, and for two successive crops in the three pot experiments. For both field and pot experiments, finely powdered NCRP, was at best, 1.5–2.0 times as effective as granular NCRP. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of rock phosphates usually decreased with increasing level of application.For each of the crops in the field experiment, the relationships between yield and phosphorus content of plants (i.e. internal efficiency curves) were similar for all fertilizers. Thus the low effectiveness of the rock phosphates relative to superphosphate was solely due to much less phosphorus being taken up by plants. By contrast, in the pot experiments internal efficiency curves differed for different fertilizers. This is attributed to differences in the rate of phosphorus uptake by plant roots during the early stages of plant growth.For both field and pot experiments, soil test calibrations (the relationship between yield and soil test value) differed for rock phosphates and superphosphate. For superphosphate, soil test calibrations also differed for the three different years after the initial application of this fertilizer in the field experiment. For the second crop in the pot experiment, soil test calibrations differed for superphosphate applied at different times (before the first and the second crop). These results point out the difficulty of applying soil testing procedures to soils that have experienced different histories of fertilizer application.