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21.
暖通空调工程设计常见问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对施工图审查工作进行总结,指出了暖通空调和防火防排烟设计中存在的问题及防火规范本身的一些不足。 相似文献
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Frédéric Soisson 《Journal of Nuclear Materials》2006,349(3):235-250
Kinetics of radiation induced segregation and precipitation in binary alloys are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are based on a simple atomic model of diffusion under electron irradiation, which takes into account the creation of point defects, the recombination of close vacancy-interstitial pairs and the point defect annihilation at sinks. They can reproduce the coupling between point defect fluxes towards sinks and atomic fluxes, which controls the segregation tendency. In pure metals and ideal solid solutions, the Monte Carlo results are found to be in very good agreement with classical models based on rate equations. In alloys with an unmixing tendency, we show how the interaction between the point defect distribution, the solute segregation and the precipitation driving force can generate complex microstructural evolutions, which depend on the very details of atomic-scale diffusion properties. 相似文献
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The effect of coherency loss on the development of precipitate size distribution under cascade-producing irradiation is considered. The nucleation of coherent precipitates, their growth followed by coherency loss and cascade-induced dissolution of large incoherent precipitates can occur simultaneously resulting in formation of a quasi-stationary size distribution of semicoherent precipitates. To describe this process we consider co-evolution of a mixed population of coherent, semicoherent and incoherent precipitates. Mathematically, the problem is formulated as a set of discrete rate equations of nucleation kinetics (the Master equation approach) which is also used for later stages of evolution. To solve the corresponding large set of equations (typically, more than 105 equations) an efficient numerical method is developed. The simulation results obtained for material parameters and irradiation conditions typical for nuclear reactors show that the coherency loss affects considerably evolution of the precipitate population. Under certain irradiation conditions, both in solution-annealed alloys and in aged ones, the mean precipitate size and the number density during prolonged irradiation tend to steady state values, whereas the size distribution function of large precipitates narrows. The width of the quasi-stationary size distribution is controlled by cascade parameters. It was found that the asymptotic quasi-stationary state of the precipitate population may depend on initial state of the alloy. 相似文献
25.
Wenwei He Wuping Liao Weiwei Wang Deqian Li Chunji Niu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(9):1314-1320
BACKGROUND: Thermodynamics and kinetics data are both important to explain the extraction property. In order to develop a novel separation technology superior to current extraction systems, many promising extractants have been developed including calixarene carboxylic acids. The extraction thermodynamics behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acids has been reported extensively. In this study, the mass transfer kinetics of neodymium(III) and the interfacial behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acid were investigated. RESULTS: The rate constant (Kao) becomes constant when the stirring speed was controlled between 250 rpm and 400 rpm. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated to be 21·41 kJ mol?1 or 88·17 kJ mol?1 (dependent on temperature) from the slope of log Kao against 1000/T. The linear relationship between the specific area and the extraction rate is the characteristic of an interfacial reaction control. The minimum bulk concentration of the extractant necessary to saturate the interface (Cmin) is lower than 4·19 × 10?4 mol L?1. CONCLUSION: The effect of stirring speed, temperature, and species concentration on the extraction rate demonstrates that the extraction regime depends on the extraction conditions. The chemical reaction control governs the extraction regime at temperatures below 303 K and a mixed control regime occurs when the temperature is between 303 K and 318 K. The probable locale for the chemical reaction is at the liquid–liquid interface and the rate equation is deduced to be: ? d[Nd3+](a)/dt = kf[Nd3+](a)[H4A](o)0·727[H+](a)?0·978. The rate‐controlling step was suggested by the analysis of the experimental results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
26.
烷基水杨醛肟虽然是一种高选择性的铜萃取剂,但单独使用时,萃取相易出现沉淀;反萃时,再生有机相出现乳化物,而且两相分离时间较长.将月桂醇、仲辛醇、壬基酚三种调节剂分别加入到萃取剂中,研究其对烷基水杨醛肟萃取及反萃行为的影响.结果表明,三种调节剂均可以解决上述问题,只是使萃取能力略有降低;壬基酚加入到烷基水杨醛肟中有助于提高铜铁分离系数,可达647. 相似文献
27.
从水淬渣中回收镓的试验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对鼓风炉(ISP法)或烟化炉水淬渣中回收镓的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,利用浓硫酸恒温熟化的独特浸出工艺,克服硅对液固分离的影响;以伯胺N9123作为萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取镓;获得了含镓品位为2.82%的富集物。 相似文献
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