Impact of 100% Fruit Juice Consumption on Diet and Weight Status of Children: An Evidence-based Review

Consumption of 100% fruit juice remains controversial for its potential adverse impact on weight and displacement of essential foods in the diets of children. A systematic review of the literature published from 1995–2013 was conducted using the PubMed database to evaluate associations between intake of 100% fruit juice and weight/adiposity and nutrient intake/adequacy among children of 1 to 18 years of age. Weight status outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, ponderal index, obesity, weight gain, adiposity measures, and body composition. Nutrient outcome measures included intake and adequacy of shortfall nutrients. Data extraction and analysis was conducted according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Process. Twenty-two studies on weight status provided evidence that did not support an association between 100% fruit juice consumption and weight/adiposity in children after controlling for energy intake. Limited evidence from eight studies suggests that children consuming 100% fruit juice have higher intake and adequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium. Differences in methodology and study designs preclude causal determination of 100% fruit juice as sole influencer of weight status or nutrient intake/adequacy of shortfall nutrients. In context of a healthy dietary pattern, evidence suggests that consumption of 100% fruit juice may provide beneficial nutrients without contributing to pediatric obesity.     

Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice

The 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient‐dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low‐fat/fat‐free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science‐based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar‐sweetened beverages).     

粘红酵母胞内L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶释放的研究

分别考察了液氮冷冻法、超声破碎法、甘氨酸与丙氨酸化学渗透法，不同化学渗透剂TritonX-100、Tween80、Span20、溴代十六烷基吡啶，有机溶剂甲苯、脲及EDTA对粘红酵母（Rhodotorula glutinis）胞内苯丙氨酸解氨酶（即PAL酶）释放及活力的影响，比较发现超声破碎与TritonX-100联用酶释放效果显著，先加入10％Triton X-100渗透6h，再在800W超声破碎30min，蛋白释放率达76．7％。总酶活70．3％，为提取胞内PAL酶提供了一种新方法。     

催化剂WXP-100在棉针织物低温练漂中的应用

为解决纯棉针织物练漂温度高、能耗大等问题,研究自制低温练漂催化剂WXP-100对纯棉针织物练漂一浴前处理效果的影响。优化的低温练漂工艺条件为:催化剂WXP-100质量浓度为2 g/L,氢氧化钠质量浓度为2 g/L,多功能精练剂L质量浓度为6 g/L,30%双氧水体积分数为12 mL/L,70℃处理60 min。研究发现,催化剂WXP-100能够有效促进棉针织物练漂,70℃低温练漂织物的吸水性达到传统高温练漂效果,而且织物的顶破强力保留率高,纤维损伤明显减小,白度略低于传统练漂织物。     

100%废纸浆生产彩色薄页纸

本文主要介绍以100%废纸浆为原料生产彩色薄页纸在生产中如何消除黏胶物障碍、纸张增强处理以及工艺优化的生产实践。     

烤烟新品种中烟100(CF965)的选育及其应用评价

中烟100（CF965）是以兼抗烟草多种主要病害的烤烟新品系9201为母本与易感赤星病、对低温短日照反应敏感的优质烤烟品种NC82为回交亲本，通过杂交重组、回交聚合，经系谱法选育而成。试验结果证明：该品种适应性强，耐肥水，易烘烤；抗黑胫病、赤星病，耐气候斑点病；烤后原烟呈浅桔黄色，油分多，色泽均匀鲜亮，主要化学成份含量适宜，比例协调，烟叶质量符合中式卷烟需要；与目前主栽对照品种比较，烟叶产量提高9．44％，均价提高9．24％，中上等烟比例增加3．3个百分点，产值提高18．36％；是一个品质、抗性、产量、适应性等综合性状较能兼顾、适宜全国主要烟区种植的优良烤烟新品种。     

生态纺织品新标准的解读及应对措施

介绍了生态纺织品技术要求新标准同旧标准及Oeko-Tex Standard 100标准的差异,提出了执行新标准的对策和建议.认为应提高对新标准的认识,加强生态纺织品认证工作,提高检测水平并由此提高企业的竞争力.     

纺织品风险预警机制的探讨

介绍了欧盟REACH法规、美国CPSIA法规、Oeko-Tex Standard 100标准等国外有关产品安全法规及标准,比较了我国纺织品标准法规制定的发展现状及其与国外标准的差距,分析了制定纺织品风险预警机制的必要性。     

Decontamination of aflatoxin B1‐contaminated corn by ammonium persulphate during fermentation

The decontamination of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁)‐contaminated corn, which is required if the corn is to be suitable for alternative use, by an ammoniation–fermentation integrated process was studied. This process could be used for the production of fuel ethanol from aflatoxin‐containing corn. Different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.5 and 2.0% w/w) of ammonium persulphate were tested in the detoxification of AFB₁‐contaminated corn during fermentation. In order to increase the decontamination of corn, 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) azodicarbonamide, benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide were tested. Peroxides were added at three different stages of the fermentation process: liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation. Levels of AFB₁ and ethanol were determined after each fermentation process. Treated corn was tested for mutagenic potential using the Ames test with TA100 tester strain and pure AFB₁ as positive control. Addition of 2.0% (w/w) ammonium persulphate caused the highest level of decontamination without affecting ethanol production. Addition of peroxides did not significantly (P < 0.05) increase ethanol production or significantly (P < 0.05) improve the decontamination process. The best processes for decontamination of corn and for ethanol production included the addition of 2.0% (w/w) ammonium persulphate for both and of 1.0 and 0.5% (w/w) benzoyl peroxide respectively. All treated corn samples showed no mutagenic potential. Possible industrial use of these processes is discussed. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

柿单宁的体外降胆固醇作用

采用分光光度法和气相色谱法研究了柿单宁对胰脂酶活性和胆固醇酯酶活性的抑制作用,以及柿单宁与胆汁酸、胆固醇的结合能力。结果表明：柿单宁对胰脂酶具有显著的抑制效果,其半数抑制浓度（half inhibitoryconcentration,IC50）为（0.445±0.021） mg/mL;抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为0.406 mg/mL;柿单宁对胆固醇酯酶也具有显著的抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度IC50为（0.442±0.017）mg/mL,抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为0.488 mg/mL。不同质量浓度的柿单宁对胆酸（cholic acid,CA）、脱氧胆酸（deoxycholic acid,DCA）都有一定的结合能力,10 mg/mL的单宁与CA、DCA的结合率分别为58%和94%;柿单宁对胆固醇胶束化溶液有较强的结合能力,0.20 mg/mL的单宁对其抑制率达到了67%。另外,在不同的pH值下,柿单宁对胆固醇都有一定的结合作用,其中pH 7.0时的结合能力明显强于pH 2.0时的结合能力。总之,柿单宁可抑制胰脂酶活性和胆固醇酯酶活性,并与胆固醇和胆汁酸结合,减少胃肠道对脂肪的吸收,这可能是柿单宁在体内发挥强降胆固醇作用的原因之一。