矿井环境高精定位技术研究现状与发展

地下矿山开采环境恶劣,井下设备的自动化、智能化发展势在必行。井下设备高精度自主定位技术是推动地下智能开采的关键技术之一。为了系统地了解和研究国内外矿井设备定位技术的发展情况和问题所在,基于国内外井下设备高精定位的研究现状分析,综合评述了当前井下定位的核心技术和发展前景。首先归纳了井下常用的环境感知传感器;然后根据井下设备定位的技术手段、硬件基础及算法特点,对当前的研究成果进行了归类分析;最后进行了总结展望,认为不需要外部设备辅助的多传感器融合技术（如基于SLAM的定位方法）是当前地下矿山井下设备定位发展的必然趋势。     

三维空间RFID定位系统方法及其应用研究

为了提高室内定位系统的性能, 提出了一种三维空间内利用RFID技术定位目标物体的算法。算法通过接收信号强度获得天线和目标标签之间的距离, 然后采用梯度下降法计算得到目标电子标签的位置。仓库定位网络实验结果显示, 所建立的算法可以逐步逼近目标标签的真实位置, 有效提高了三维空间内目标的定位精度, 在仓库管理等室内定位系统中具有较强的实用性。     

标刻在金属零件上的二维条码识别

直接零件标识(DPM)技术是实现产品标识的重要手段,二维条码技术是其关键技术之一。DPM标识是以金属作为背景用激光在其上面打上二维条码,与印刷品上的二维条码识读相比,基于金属背景下的二维条码识读更为复杂。改进了传统的识别方法,综合运用最大连通域提取、改进的霍夫变换定位边界、基于最大匹配度的网格化分和基于灰度图像的无损信息提取等方法来实现条码图像的粗定位、精定位、校正、条码分割和数据提取。实验表明,本方案对于磨损、轻度污染、畸变及光照不均的金属上的二维条码图像的识读具有较强的抗干扰性,并取得可靠的识读结果。     

A reliable QoS aware routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that form a temporary network on the fly without using any fixed infrastructure. Recently, the explosive growth in the use of real-time applications on mobile devices has resulted in new challenges to the design of protocols for MANETs. Chief among these challenges to enable real-time applications for MANETs is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as bandwidth constraints. However, MANETs having a high ratio of topology change make routing especially unstable; making stability is an important challenge, especially for routing having a quality of service provision. In this paper, we propose a reliable multi-path QoS routing (RMQR) protocol with a slot assignment scheme. In this scheme, we examine the QoS routing problem associated with searching for a reliable multi-path (or uni-path) QoS route from a source node to a destination node in a MANET. This route must also satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. We determine the route expiration time between two connected mobile nodes using global positioning system (GPS). Then, two parameters, the route expiration time and the number of hops, are used to select a routing path with low latency and high stability. Simulation results show that the proposed RMQR protocol have some outstanding properties when compared with Lin's [Lin C-R. On-demand QoS routing in multihop mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM), vol. 3(22–26), 2001, p. 1735–44], Liao's [Liao W-H, Tseng Y-C, Wang S-L, Sheu J-P. A multi-path QoS routing protocol in a wireless mobile Ad Hoc network. Telecommunication Systems 2002;19(3–4):329–47], and Chen's [Chen Y-S, Tseng Y-C, Sheu J-P, Kuo P-H. An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile Ad-Hoc network. Computer Communications 204;27(1):27–40] protocols.     

动态环境中的WiFi指纹自适应室内定位方法?

针对传统的基于WIFI信号的室内定位方法难以有效解决环境动态变化对RSSI值的影响问题,设计并实现了一种基于WIFI射频信号强度指纹的室内定位方法。该方法通过采用一种基于用户使用状况与布置定位参考点的方法来动态更新系统的WIFI指纹数据库,从而有效降低了在实际使用过程中用户手持手机的方向、用户的身体遮挡以及使用环境的动态变化对RSSI值所带来的影响。实验结果表明,本文设计并实现的定位方法比传统定位方法更稳定、易维护,同时也具有更高的定位精度和自适应性。     

Analysis of the Site-Specific Myoglobin Modifications in the Melibiose-Derived Novel Advanced Glycation End-Product

MAGE (melibiose-derived advanced glycation end-product) is the glycation product generated in the reaction of a model protein with melibiose. The in vivo analog accumulates in several tissues; however, its origin still needs explanation. In vitro MAGE is efficiently generated under dry conditions in contrast to the reaction carried in an aqueous solvent. Using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we analyzed the physicochemical properties and structures of myoglobin glycated with melibiose under different conditions. The targeted peptide analysis identified structurally different AGEs, including crosslinking and non-crosslinking modifications associated with lysine, arginine, and histidine residues. Glycation in a dry state was more efficient in the formation of structures containing an intact melibiose moiety (21.9%) compared to glycation under aqueous conditions (15.6%). The difference was reflected in characteristic fluorescence that results from protein structural changes and impact on a heme group of the model myoglobin protein. Finally, our results suggest that the formation of in vitro MAGE adduct is initiated by coupling melibiose to a model myoglobin protein. It is confirmed by the identification of intact melibiose moieties. The intermediate glycation product can further rearrange towards more advanced structures, including cross-links. This process can contribute to a pool of AGEs accumulating locally in vivo and affecting tissue biology.     

一种基于 DBSCAN 随机圆检测的多瓶口定位算法

现有医药灌封生产中的西林瓶瓶口定位方法易受瓶口边缘干扰的影响,导致瓶口圆中心定位不准确.对此,提出一种基于DBSCAN随机圆检测的多瓶口定位算法.首先,通过Canny边缘检测算法得到图像中所有轮廓,采用基于密度的DBSCAN聚类算法分割出感兴趣的瓶口边缘集;接着,针对每个单独的瓶口边缘集,采用最小二乘法和径向扫描获取瓶...     

基于 SST-SCKF 的运动目标超宽带定位算法研究

使用超宽带(UWB)进行定位过程中,卡尔曼滤波是一种常见的降噪方法,但由于对非线性系统滤波性能差,且定位目标运动轨迹易超出基站布局区域以及受到异常噪声干扰,会影响定位系统的准确性和稳定性。针对这一问题,提出一种对称强跟踪(SST)平方根容积卡尔曼(SCKF)算法,通过引入对称时变渐消因子调节各协方差矩阵,实现改变误差协方差矩阵中多重衰落因子矩阵的工作方式,进而调整滤波增益,计算复杂度虽略有增加,但增强定位模型的适应性与鲁棒性。仿真验证表明,在异常噪声干扰下,改进后的算法(SST-SCKF)相较于SCKF/多重渐消因子的SCKF(ST-ASCKF)算法可有效提高定位准确度,且定位轨迹较于单渐消因子的SCKF算法(STSCKF)更为平滑;利用SST-SCKF算法设计基于UWB技术的定位方案,通过动态模拟实验表明,本文提出的SST-SCKF算法较之SCKF/STSCKF/ST-ASCKF滤波性能更优,为复杂环境噪声下人员UWB定位提供更好的降噪,使定位更为精准。     

自适应UKF在北斗伪距定位中的研究

针对北斗伪距定中噪声统计特性未知或者不准确带来的定位精度不高问题,为减小噪声统计特性的不准确在滤波过程中对状态估计带来的影响,采用了无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)和噪声统计值估计器相结合的滤波方法,该方法在UKF中引入改进的噪声估计Sage-Husa算法,对系统噪声和观测噪声进行实时估计,抵抗不准确噪声在定位解算时带来的误差;最后在进行状态更新时引入一个收敛因子对每一次滤波状态进行更新,保证算法的收敛性。实验结果表明,该方法与传统的无迹卡尔曼滤波相比,在提升算法收敛速度的同时,将伪距定位的精度提高了40%左右,可用于带有时变噪声和未知噪声的定位系统中。     

伪随机码相关检测的MDS MAP定位算法

针对当前无线传感器网络超声波设备定位精度不高的问题,改进了伪随机码相关的MDS-MAP定位算法。首先利用伪随机码相关检测技术,对节点发射出的超声信号进行编码,有效地增加了节点的测距距离和测量精度。然后对于未能测量到距离的节点使用Euclidean和最短路径融合算法进行处理,然后使用MDS-MAP算法生成节点的相对坐标,最后利用平面转换模型获取节点的最终坐标位置。仿真实验结果表明改进算法在不同网络规模和测距误差条件下均能够获得更高的定位精度和较小的定位误差。