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21.
Isidoro Izquierdo Cubero Maria T. Plaza Lopez-Espinosa Anthony C. Richardson 《Journal of chemical ecology》1993,19(6):1265-1283
The synthesis of (2S,5R)-(1) and (2R,5R)-2-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro [4.5]decane (2) from (2RS,5R,8R,9R,10S)-8,9,10-trihydroxy-2-methyl-1, 6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (8), obtained in five steps fromd-fructose using Wittig's methodology, reduction, and spiroketalation, has been accomplished by a Corey dideoxygenation at C-8,9, followed by a Barton deoxygenation at C-10, of the appropriately protected derivatives.Enantiospecific synthesis of spirocetals. Part V. For Part IV, see Izquierdo et al. (1992). 相似文献
22.
23.
Isidoro Izquierdo Cubero Maria T. Plaza López-Espinosa Rafael Acuña Castillo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1991,17(8):1529-1541
The synthesis of the title compound13 has been carried out through the preparation of its precursor, (3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (6), obtained fromd-fructose using Wittig's methodology, reduction, and spiroketalation. Compound6 was transformed into13 by a Barton deoxygenation at C-5 followed by a Corey dideoxygenation at C-3,4 of the appropriately protected derivatives.Enantiospecific synthesis of spiroacetals. Part II. For Part I, see Izquierdo and Plaza (1990). 相似文献
24.
实验鼠行为分析数据是神经学、生理学、药物学等学科实验数据的重要部分。针对实验鼠缺少肢体运动信息的特点,提出一种实验鼠多行为分析方法。提取实验鼠轮廓的帧间变化信息,同时考虑变化信息与实验鼠本身的位置关系,对行为视频形成系列轮廓变化帧。在训练阶段,通过Pillar K-means聚类算法从系列帧中提取80个关键帧,并把每一个训练行为视频用对应关键帧频数的直方图表示。在测试阶段,测试视频用最近邻法确定每一帧对应的关键帧,形成相应的关键帧直方图,从而把分类问题变成一个直方图相似性问题,再应用卡方距离进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法对8种行为的分类准确率最高达到100%,最低达到95%。 相似文献
25.
A laboratory scale spray dryer was used to encapsulate vildagliptin (VLG), an antihyperglycemic drug, into different polymers such as poly(dl-lactide) (PDLA), poly(dl-lactide-glycolide)-50:50 (PLGA 50:50), and poly(dl-lactide-glycolide)-75:25 (PLGA 75:25). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effects of process and formulation factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE). The physicochemical properties of the drug-loaded micro-/nanoparticles, mainly the drug loading (DL), particle size distribution, surface morphology, drug–polymer compatibility, and release rate were investigated. % EE of drug-loaded micro-/nanoparticles were in the range of 57.10% to 76.44%. PLGA50:50 micro-/nanoparticles showed highest EE as compared to PDLA and PLGA75:25 micro-/nanoparticles. The mean particle size of the micro-/nanoparticles containing PLGA 50:50, PLGA 75:25, and PDLA polymers were 428?nm, 640?nm, and 1.22 µm, respectively. Surface morphology study revealed smooth, spherical and nonporous surface structures of the micro-/nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed the drug–polymer compatibility. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis of micro-/nanoparticles revealed that VLG was present in the amorphous form within the micro-/nanoparticles formulations. In vitro release study demonstrated that VLG is slowly released from micro-/nanoparticles for 12?h and the drug release rate was influenced by type and viscosity of polymers used. This work suggests that PDLA, PLGA 50:50, and PLGA75:25 polymers are able to sustain the VLG release rates from micro-/nanoparticles. 相似文献
26.
Polyelectrolytes, in this study were synthesized from styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)400 (PEG400), and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR were used to monitor the interaction between Li+ ions and polymer. The results of FTIR and MAS solid-state NMR indicate the Li+ ions are preferentially coordinated to the ether oxygen of PEG. The Tg of the PEG segments in polyelectrolyte increases with LiClO4 concentration, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), indicating that solubility of the Li+ ions in the host polymer increases with the PEG content. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) shows that the bulk conductivity of polyelectrolytes and the conductivity behavior obeys the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation. 相似文献
27.
A film of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) consisting of highly oriented α crystals was uniaxially drawn by tensile force. The effects of the draw ratio (DR), draw temperature (Td), and draw stress on the crystal/crystal transformation from the α- to the β-form crystals were studied. At the initial stage of drawing, the highly oriented α crystals of the starting film transformed into a broader orientation distribution, and significant crystal disorder was introduced. Upon further drawing, the α crystals steadily transformed into β crystals with increasing the DR. For the drawing at a constant Td, the crystal transformation proceeded more efficiently at a higher draw rate and, hence, at a higher draw stress. Furthermore, for the drawing at a constant draw rate, the transformation proceeded with DR most efficiently for the tensile draw at a Td around 140 °C, although the draw stress increased with decreasing the Td. The present result combined with the previous finding in the drawing of PLLA by solid-state extrusion [Macromolecules 36 (2003) 3601] suggests that there is a Td of around 140 °C at which the crystal transformation proceeds most efficiently with DR, suggesting that there are two factors that have opposite effects on the efficiency of the crystal transformation with increasing the Td. However, as a result of the combined effects of the Td and DR on the crystal transformation and the ductility increase with the Td, an oriented film consisting predominantly of β crystals was obtained by tensile drawing at a Td in the range of 140-170 °C to the highest DR achieved at each Td. 相似文献
28.
Simon Piché 《Chemical engineering science》2005,60(22):6452-6461
The oxidative absorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into a solution of ferric chelate of trans-1,2- diaminocyclohexanetetraacetate (CDTA) was studied in a counter-current laboratory column randomly packed with 15 mm plastic Ralu rings. The present investigation takes concern about the Kraft pulping situation where dilute H2S concentrations are omnipresent in large-volume gas effluents. A fractional two-level factorial approach was instigated to determine the significance of six operating variables, namely the solution's alkalinity (pH; 8.5-10.5), the liquid mass flow rate (L;1.73-), the solution's ionic strength (IC;0.01-), the gas mass flow rate (G;0.19-), the inlet H2S concentration (CH2S,0;70-430 ppm) and the initial ferric CDTA concentration (CFe,0;100 -). Initially, a Plackett-Burman design matrix of seven duplicated experiments revealed that pH is the leading factor controlling the H2S conversion rate while the ionic strength and ferric CDTA concentration effects remained negligible within the factorial domain. Surface response analysis based on 11 duplicated factorial experiments plus 10 central composite trials revealed that the H2S conversion significantly increases with liquid flow rate but decreases with growing H2S load up. Further examination about the influence of ferric CDTA on H2S absorption rate was set up over a broader concentration range (CFe,0;0- at pH of 9.5 and 10.5. It showed good potential at as H2S conversion increased by a significant 25% for both pH values in comparison to pure alkaline solutions containing no ferric CDTA. 相似文献
29.
This paper describes a new reactive blending approach to improve the compatibility of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(?-caprolacton) (PCL). For this purpose, the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LLA) was carried out in the presence of PCL-OH (OH groups on one end). The P(CL-b-LLA) block copolymers were in situ formed during polymerization, and as a result, PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends were obtained. The characterization of GPC and 1H NMR verified the synthesis of PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends. Furthermore, the 13C NMR spectroscopy showed that no transesterification reaction occurred to a significant extent during LLA polymerization process. The in situ formed P(CL-b-LLA) compatibilizes the phase separated structure of PCL domains in PLLA matrix. The size of PCL domains in PLLA matrix became much smaller than that in a solution blended sample. The average sizes of PCL domains are controllable in the level of sub-micron scale. 相似文献
30.
A micro-envioment for nerve cells and tissue growth were designed and constructed via surface modification of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)
with chitosan and hydroxyapatite(HA). The poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/chitosan/HA) conduits
were manufactured by a combined solvent casting and particulate leaching technique. The conduits were highly porous with an
interconnected pore structure and 76.5% porosity. Micropores with 50–100 micrometer diameter were formed in the conduits.
In vivo application of PLGA/chitosan/HA conduits for reconstruction of 10 mm sciatic nerve defect was assessed by the walking
track analysis, the quantifying of the wet weight of tibialis anterior muscle and the histological assessment. The conduits
in host rats in vivo can not only be an effective in promoting regenerating of nerves but can also lead to favorable nerve
functional recovery.
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50774096) 相似文献