以赤泥为原料制备脱硫剂的方法

燃气中H2S是一种带臭味的无色气体,燃烧时可生成一种有毒物SO2,使用前必须先将其脱除。选择合适的脱硫方法,使用优质的脱硫剂是本文研究的课题。     

流感裂解疫苗纯化及裂解工艺的优化

目的优化大规模生产的流感病毒裂解疫苗的纯化及裂解工艺。方法比较凝胶层析和蔗糖密度梯度超速离心的纯化效果,以及TritonX-100和去氧胆酸钠两种裂解剂在不同条件下的裂解效果。结果层析法纯度稍高于蔗糖密度梯度超速离心法,而蔗糖密度区带超速离心法的收率优于层析法。TritonX-100的裂解效果优于去氧胆酸钠,裂解剂浓度为0.5%或0.8%,裂解3或4h,裂解率达90%以上。疫苗在4℃保存1年后,所有检测项目均合格,4℃保存18个月和37℃保存28d后,HA含量仍保持在30μg/ml以上。结论已建立了切实可行的流感病毒裂解疫苗规模生产的纯化及裂解工艺。     

治疗用质粒DNA的纯化工艺

目的探索适合大规模生产治疗用质粒DNA的纯化工艺。方法采用中空纤维柱收菌、碱裂解,再应用中空纤维柱浓缩质粒,经分子筛、亲和、离子交换等层析分离纯化质粒DNA,并应用凝胶电泳、PCR、核酸蛋白检测仪、BCA蛋白检测试剂盒和内毒素检测试剂盒对所纯化的质粒DNA进行全面检定。结果所获得的超螺旋质粒DNA达到样品总质粒的91.2%;质粒DNA总纯度为1.8;内毒素含量小于10EU/mg;几乎检测不到蛋白质残留,未检出基因组DNA残留。各项指标均符合有关质量标准。结论所采用的纯化工艺省时省力,制备的质粒DNA纯度高,适用于大规模生产治疗用质粒DNA。     

自制填充介质对人血浆凝血因子Ⅸ的层析分离

目的采用自制的DEAE Bio-SepFF和肝素Bio-Sep FF介质,从人血浆中快速分离纯化凝血因子Ⅸ(FⅨ)。方法低温离心去除冷沉淀后的人血浆,在不同淋洗条件下,经过两步弱阴离子交换和一步亲和层析分离纯化FⅨ,用活性检测试剂盒检测各组分凝血因子的活性,Bradford法测定蛋白浓度,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析样品的纯度。结果经过三步层析分离,得到的FⅨ比活达到99.40IU/mg,纯化倍数为3823倍,回收率约为30%,纯度较高。结论采用该方法和介质,可从人血浆中纯化FⅨ,且效果较好。     

重组人白细胞介素-10的表达与纯化

目的表达并纯化重组人白细胞介素-10蛋白,并进行活性检测。方法将重组质粒PCRT7/NT-TOPO-IL-10转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLyse细胞,IPTG诱导表达。采用Ni柱对表达产物进行亲和纯化,并检测其对外周血单核细胞分泌TNF-α的影响。结果IPTG诱导4h,目的蛋白表达量最高,可达45.02%,主要以包涵体形式表达。纯化后,所得目的产物的回收率为66.72%,纯度约为80.42%。纯化的IL-10对外周血单核细胞分泌TNF-α具有抑制作用。结论已成功表达并纯化了重组IL-10蛋白。     

Hydrogen networks synthesis considering separation performance of purifiers

In hydrogen networks, purifiers are quite often used to reduce operating costs. They should be properly integrated with the whole network in order to maximize the benefit. In this paper, a graphical method is proposed for targeting the minimum fresh resource consumption of hydrogen networks considering separation performance of purifiers. The material balance of the whole hydrogen network shows that the extent of fresh hydrogen reduction is subject to the maximum hydrogen surplus. Based on such observation, the mass transfer triangle is developed to describe the hydrogen transformation from maximum hydrogen surplus to fresh hydrogen. With both the purity and the flow rate of purification streams optimized, the minimum fresh hydrogen consumption can be determined through the proposed graphical method. Two cases are studied to illustrate the proposed methodology.     

Purification of nickel solution obtained from leaching of Ni–Mo ore by chemical precipitation

Purification of nickel solution obtained from leaching of Ni–Mo ore by chemical precipitation is described in this paper. The impurities Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were separated from nickel solution by the methods of jarosite, hydrolysis, sulphide and fluoride precipitation. The optimum conditions were obtained as follows: For Fe removal, sodium jarosite seeding 1 g L^?1, reaction temperature 95°C, retention time 30 min, initial pH of the solution 1·8 and hydrolysis precipitation at pH 4·2 for 30 min; For Cu removal, 1·6 times the stoichiometric amount NiS, reaction temperature 80°C and duration 30 min. Under the optimum conditions, it was found that the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg could be reduced to 3·6, 1·8 mg L^?1, 0·1 and 0·2 mg L^?1 respectively. The total recovery of nickel was beyond 98%.

Dans cet article, on décrit la purification de la solution de nickel obtenue à partir du lessivage du minerai de Ni-Mo par précipitation chimique. On a séparé les impuretés de Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ca²⁺ et Mg²⁺ de la solution de nickel par les méthodes d’hydrolyse de la jarosite et de précipitation du sulfure et du fluorure. On a obtenu les conditions optimales comme ceci: pour l’enlèvement du Fe, ensemencement de 1 g L^?1 de jarosite de sodium, température de réaction de 95°C, temps de rétention de 30 min, pH initial de la solution de 1·8 et précipitation par hydrolyse à un pH de 4·2 pendant 30 min; pour l’enlèvement du Cu, 1·6 fois la quantité st?chiométrique de NiS, température de réaction de 80°C et durée de 30 min. En conditions optimales, on a trouvé qu’on pouvait réduire les concentrations de Fe, Cu, Ca et Mg à 3·6, 1·8, 0·1 et 0·2 mg L^?1 respectivement. La récupération totale du nickel était au-delà de 98%.     

Purification and characterisation of trypsins from the spleen of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

Three trypsin isoforms, trypsins A, B and C, from the spleen of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) were purified by a series of chromatographies including Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-50 and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose to obtain a single band on native-PAGE and SDS–PAGE. The molecular mass of all the trypsin isoforms was estimated to be 24 kDa by size exclusion chromatography and SDS–PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the three isoforms for the hydrolysis of N-p-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride were 8.5 and 60 °C, respectively. Trypsins were stable to heat treatment up to 50 °C, and over a pH range of 6.0–11.0. All isoforms were stabilised by calcium ions. The trypsin activities were effectively inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, TLCK and partially inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, while E-64, N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetic acid, TPCK and pepstatin A showed no inhibitory effect. Activities decreased continuously as NaCl concentration (0–30%) increased. Trypsins A, B and C showed K_m of 0.11–0.29 mM and K_cat of 57.1–114 s⁻¹. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of 20 residues of three trypsin isoforms was IVGGYECQAHSQPHQVSLNS and had high homology to those of other fish trypsins.     

麦胚凝集素的高效纯化工艺及其稳定性研究

通过单因素和正交试验确定了麦胚凝集素（WGA）的最佳提取条件（提取时间3.4h,甲酸浓度0.5mol/L,液料比10.15）,并建立了利用盐析分级、选择性热处理、部分水解甲壳素亲合层析和凝胶过滤层析对WGA进行高效纯化的工艺.研究了WGA的理化稳定性,发现WGA的活性随常压热处理温度、时间的增加而降低,而且对于湿热处理比干热处理更敏感.WGA在加压蒸汽处理（2.4kg/cm^2,20min）和挤压处理（145℃,140r/min）后完全丧失活性.WGA的活性在pH7.0～8.5范围内最高,在pH≤2.5或H≥11.0时完全丧失.WGA的活性随茶多酚浓度的增加而显著降低,在茶多酚浓度达到15g/L时完全丧失.     

基于Al—Si合金熔体的冶金级硅纯化新工艺

为了提高冶金级硅的纯度,本文研究了Al对去除冶金级硅中金属杂质的作用。结果表明,以工业Si和工业Al为原料,通过Al-Si合金化和酸浸除杂相结合制备Si材料,将Al-Si合金破碎成一定尺寸的颗粒,然后采用氢氧化钠溶液、氢氟酸和盐酸溶液顺序腐蚀去除Al和其他杂质,最终获得纯度为99．91％的Si颗粒。结合扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）以及X射线荧光光谱（XRF）等分析手段,对腐蚀前后材料的微观结构和杂质含量的变化进行研究,初步探讨了冶金级Si经过Al-Si合金熔炼更有利于除杂的原理。