Safety climate and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Towards the prediction of unsafe behavior

The present study is concerned with the human factors that contribute to violations in aviation maintenance. Much of our previous research in this area has been based on safety climate surveys and the analysis of relations among core dimensions of climate. In this study, we tap into mainstream psychological theory to help clarify the mechanisms underlying the links between climate and behavior. Specifically, we demonstrate the usefulness of Ajzen's (1991, 2001) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understanding violation behaviors in aircraft maintenance. A questionnaire was administered to 307 aircraft maintenance workers. Constructs measured by the survey included perceptions of management attitudes to safety, own attitudes to violations, intention to violate, group norms, workplace pressures, and violations. A model based on the TPB illustrated hypothetical connections among these variables. Path analyses using AMOS suggested some theoretically justifiable modifications to the model. Fit statistics of the revised model were excellent with intentions, group norms, and personal attitudes combining to explain 50% of the variance in self-reported violations. The model highlighted the importance of management attitudes and group norms as direct and indirect predictors of violation behavior. We conclude that the TPB is a useful tool for understanding the psychological background to the procedural violations so often associated with incidents and accidents.     

应用静态破碎技术拆除高13层的框架楼

通过采用静态破碎剂拆除13层框架楼的实例,介绍了等能分布破碎设计原理。通过密布孔、细处理、断横梁、开地板、剔除钢筋等手段弱化框架与立柱强度,有效地控制了静态定向,加快了破碎坍塌速度,攻克了慢载倾倒、难控制定向及胀裂而不倒的难题,实现了安全无公害、低碳环保的拆除效果。在应用静态破碎技术拆除高层框架楼实践中积累了一些成功经验,可供同类工程借鉴参考。     

Everyday work investigations for safety

A key theme in safety is the investigation and improvement of work processes and conditions. This is built on a tradition of studying accidents, but there is growing interest in the investigation of everyday work. Researchers have started using terms such as success, normal and everyday work investigations, but behind these can be different activities. This paper makes explicit some considerations behind investigations of everyday work, how these considerations shape an investigation, and how they reflect different schools of thought. These considerations can be used as an aid for designing everyday work investigations for safety and serve as a first step towards critical reflection on investigating everyday work.     

200t炸药一次性安全销毁的实施与思考

大爆破失败留在山体内的 2 0 0余吨炸药被安全地排出 ,并用燃烧法销毁。本文分析了影响安全的各种因素 ,探讨了可行的安全措施 ,叙述了销毁工作的组织、过程与结果 ,指出了销毁过程中出现的、潜在的问题。为类似的炸药销毁工作提供了有益的经验     

180m高钢筋混凝土烟囱三段单向控制爆破拆除

对复杂环境下180m高钢筋混凝土烟囱,采用三段单向分次控制爆破拆除。采用复式梯形爆破切口,确保烟囱倒塌方向;铺设黄土缓冲垫层和个体特殊防护措施,有效地控制烟囱倒塌触地振动;采用刚性和柔性复合式措施防控爆破飞石;采用高空吊篮法进行高空爆破切口施工。爆破后,烟囱倒塌方向准确,周边建筑物和设施安然无恙,取得了良好的爆破效果,达到了安全、精细和快速爆破拆除的目的,为以后类似爆破工程提供参考。     

试论工程爆破中的安全评估

本文结合工程爆破中安全评估工作的实践经验,分析讨论了工程爆破中安全评估的方法、组织形式、步骤、要求及注意事项,从而揭示了工程爆破中安全评估的重要性、必要性和科学性。     

对高校食堂经营管理模式的探讨

为加强学校食堂管理,确保食品卫生安全,对目前部分学校食堂的管理模式和存在问题进行了深入的分析.探索出一条通过市场提供服务,学校自主选择,政府宏观调控,行业自律管理,政府、学校、社会监督管理的学校食堂新型社会化管理模式:即推行食堂经营社会化,饮食服务品牌化;做到日常管理规范化,卫生监督制度化;达到饭菜价格大众化,品种搭配科学化.这样既能减轻学校经济负担,提高服务质量,又能确保师生的饮食卫生安全.对推进学校后勤社会化改革具有一定意义.     

Microbial and physicochemical succession in fermented sausages produced with bacteriocinogenic culture of Lactobacillus sakei and semi-purified bacteriocin mesenterocin Y

The influence of the bacteriocinogenic culture Lactobacillus sakei (10⁵/g) and semi-purified bacteriocin mesenterocin Y (2560 AU/kg) on the safety and quality of traditional Croatian fermented sausages was investigated. The addition of Lb. sakei and/or mesenterocin Y reduced microbial counts (P < 0.05) in the final products. After 28 days of ripening, coagulase-negative cocci decreased 1.5–2.0 log, yeasts 1.2–1.4 log and enterococci 1.7–2.7 log. In the case of the addition of Lb. sakei, the lactic acid bacteria count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at day 7 of ripening, and was accompanied by a lower pH and a higher amount of lactic acid (P < 0.05). In the final product the amount of acetic acid was significantly lower. More intensive proteolysis and an increase in ammonia content were found at the beginning of fermentation, and in the second phase of ripening in the control samples, respectively. The free fatty acid concentration was significantly lower during the entire ripening process compared to the control (P < 0.05). Semi-purified mesenterocin Y did not affect the sensory properties of the sausages, whilst the addition of Lb. sakei enhanced them.     

Gastroprotective effects of herbal medicines (roots)

Herbal medicines are now commonly used all over the world and this has increased global demand. Quality, safety, and efficacy of these drugs have become a serious concern. This review presents the medicinal plants cited in folklore that are used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. Electronic databases, that is, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify the gastroprotective effects of each plant. Ethnopharmacological studies have reported various botanical products with antiulcer activities, but there has been limited scientific research, presenting clinical data to validate the efficacy and safety of medicinal herbs as gastroprotective agents. Most studies centered on pharmacological properties of medicinal herbs as used animals models. This information has prompted us to compile a list of the medicinal herbs cited in folklore with gastroprotective activity.     

Prediction of targeted Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium inactivation in fresh cut cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) using electron beam irradiation

Pathogens internalize in fresh produce. When using e-beam accelerators to treat the produce, it must be designed to ensure that the entrance dose will translate into the effective dose delivered at the interior of the food. The low penetration capacity of e-beam accelerators makes this a difficult task. If dose is non-uniform at different locations within the product, under-or-over-dosage could compromise safety and quality. We calculated the dose required for “targeted” inactivation of S. typhimurium LT2 internalized in fresh cantaloupe flesh using e-beam irradiation. Target inactivation is the estimation of the dose required to inactivate bacteria to the target level at a certain depth in the product. Growth and mobility data were used for simulation of irradiation protocols in a commercial facility (10 MeV e-beam linear accelerator) using radiation theory. Bacterial infestation and internalization into cantaloupe would require more than 1.0 kGy and compensators should be used to reduce the dose required at a certain depth in the produce.