Natural hydrogen continuous emission from sedimentary basins: The example of a Brazilian H2-emitting structure

Hydrogen escaping from sedimentary basins has already been described in various parts of the world. Some of these leakages have been identified by superficial circular depressions, also called “fairy circles”. Gas detection measurements, randomly repeated after a few months have shown that the amount of hydrogen present in soils is not constant neither versus time nor versus position in a given structure. Permanent monitoring gas analyzers were installed in the ground to estimate hydrogen flow outgassing from a topographical circular depression located in Brazil. Data show that a hydrogen flux occurs during the hottest moment of the day, as shown with permanent sensors set at a regular spacing. The process may look like a soil evaporation. In that same structure, other detectors show much higher and irregular gas output which present an unclear correlation as a function of ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The relationship with temperature suggests a role of water saturation driving the overall hydrogen fluxes. The reported geochemical data imply that (1) one measurement taken at a given hour on a structure cannot be considered as quantitative, as it varies too much with time and is also probably related to the soil perturbation induced by the shallow drilling, (2) hydrogen released through the soils of the studied structure is recharged daily, (3) hydrogen flux is high enough to reach the surface without being buffered by water or bacterial activity within the soil and (4) soil cannot be solely considered as a hydrogen sink but also, at least in some areas, as a hydrogen emitter. This appears to highlight that the subsurface may be considered in this site as a source of natural hydrogen, clearly differentiated from a biochemical system of atmospheric H₂ consumed by bacteria.     

日本枯山水嬗变过程及其在中国的 发展与创新

日本枯山水可谓之精神庭园,其形成和发展不仅与中国文化的渗入有关,同时也与日本的自然和社会因素相关。通过梳理与归纳相关文献与古籍,可得三方面结论:其一,枯山水原型可溯至日本古代,其造型以模拟自然、写实为主;其二,镰仓时代由于政治、禅宗等因素,枯山水被赋予"禅意"色彩,表现为筑山写意之特征;其三,室町时代受宋代山水画、军事,以及山水河原者介入造园等因素影响,枯山水最终表现为平庭写意之样式。中国现阶段仿建的平庭写意类枯山水与禅意无关,未来应结合中国自然和社会等因素进行演变与创新。     

欣赏和保护城市轮廓线——旧金山城市设计调查

本文通过作者对旧金山市的实地调查,介绍了其城市轮廓线的层次与建筑布局特点,同时指出,良好的城市规划与设计是保证城市的特色的基础。     

Development issues regarding Bunot Lake: the Lesser Lake among the seven lakes of San Pablo City,Philippines

Bunot Lake exhibits the worst conditions among the seven crater lakes of San Pablo City in the Philippines. It is the most polluted lake, being oversaturated with fish pens/cages. It also hosts the largest concentration of illegal settlements. These attributes strongly suggest that Bunot Lake merits much greater attention in the agenda of its two administrative agencies, the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) and the City Government. The reality, however, is that Bunot Lake is lacking key development initiatives and programmes and seems to occupy a low priority to the LLDA and the City Government. This reality is particularly perplexing as the lake is located very near the urban centre, is closest to the premier lake (Sampaloc Lake), and is the site of the first commercial production of tilapia in floating cages in the city. Against this background, the present study identifies and analyses the immediate development issues for Bunot Lake. It contends that Bunot Lake should be given preference by the LLDA and the City Government, specifically by: (i) modifying their model‐template approach; and (ii) taking steps to tackle a basic need of Bunot Lake, namely the formulation of a zoning‐development plan. The present study also was designed to directly address the lacuna in Philippine lake studies, namely the paucity of research under the social science perspective (which is currently dominated by the natural science perspective) and on small lakes (which is currently concentrated on the largest lakes in the country).     

Curating the Digital: An Interview with MoMA's Paola Antonelli

As Senior Curator in the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, Paola Antonelli treats digital and analogue design with equal regard. Here she talks to Guest-Editor Neil Leach about some of her decisions. She discusses the distinctions between design, art and architecture; how she keeps a clear head amid the prevailing euphoria over new technologies, in order to choose only those pieces that also represent successful design; whom she views as paragons of design in the digital age; and why she believes that architectural education needs to be reinvented.     

Interconnected Approaches to Sustainable Architecture

Is minimising the negative effects of human activity on people and the planet enough, or can we aim even higher? Guest-Editor Terri Peters introduces the concept of superarchitecture: architecture that is not merely sustainable, but offers positive benefits for both human wellbeing and the environment. As demonstrated by the three international case studies she presents, it is applicable not only to healthcare architecture, but also to the spaces in which we live and work, and the wider urban realm. At its heart is a deep connection with nature.     

Synthesis of 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octen 1-yl propanoate and (z)-3,7-dimethyl-2, 7-octadien-1-yl propanoate,components of the sex pheromone of the san jose scale

The two components of the sex pheromone of the San Jose scale,Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) were synthesized. The first component, 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octen-1-yl propanoate, was obtained by the addition of a 4-methyl-4-penten-1-yl copper complex to 3-butyn-1-yl propanoate (or 3-butyn-1-yl trimethylsilyl ether). Reaction of the same copper complex with propyne followed by treatment with carbon dioxide gave a key intermediate in the stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-1-yl propanoate, the second component of the pheromone.Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae).Contribution No. 73 from the Research Laboratory of Zoecon Corporation.     

浅谈三唯强力抗氧剂的抗氧效果

本文从三唯强力抗氧剂的成份、作用机理及抗氧试验等几方面阐述了其对饲料产品具有良好的抗氧效果。     

高效液相色谱法测定胡黄连及清热八味散中阿魏酸

本文建立反相高效液相色谱法测定胡黄连药材及其制剂清热八味散中阿魏酸含量的方法。采用C18-ODS柱,乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液(15∶85)为流动相;313nm检测。阿魏酸线性范围52.0~520μg,r=0.9995,胡黄连药材和清热八味散平均回收率分别为98.85%和98.32%,含量测定重复性RSD分别为1.4%和1.5%。方法准确,重复性好,为制定胡黄连药材及其制剂的质量标准提供参考依据。     

Development of a small lake: Ecotourism enterprise for Pandin Lake,San Pablo City,Philippines

This study examines the development of Pandin Lake, a small lake in the Philippines, particularly the unconventional evolution of the ecotourism enterprise for the lake and the accompanying issues. The study concludes that Pandin Lake ecotourism development is mainly an endogenous initiative and that the intervention of the relevant administrative agencies is critical in addressing the contemporary issues. This study discusses the following issues: (i) the reasons for studying small lakes in the Philippines; (ii) Pandin Lake and its administration; (iii) the ecotourism enterprise evolution and issues regarding the lake; and (iv) the conclusions. It also addresses the extant gap in Philippine lake literature: specifically the scarcity of scholarly works on development‐oriented studies, noting the field is dominated by limnology and aquaculture studies, and on small lakes, noting the field concentrates heavily on studies of big lakes.