X70和16Mn钢土壤腐蚀行为比较I电位和平均腐蚀速度

通过研究国内常用的X70和16Mn 2种管道钢在土壤浸出液中的电位-时间曲线，并根据失重试验和极化曲线，比较它们的平均腐蚀速度.结果表明，16Mn钢腐蚀电位比X70钢稍负约20 mV，其平均腐蚀速度明显高于X70钢；X70钢的腐蚀产物膜具有短期保护性.     

含硫酸盐还原菌土壤中阴极保护对Q235钢腐蚀的影响

利用交流阻抗测试技术、扫描电镜及表面能谱、微生物分析等方法，研究了阴极保护对土壤中Q235钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀的影响.30天的实验结果表明，在相同的阴极极化电位下，有菌土壤中Q235钢所需要的阴极极化电流密度均大于灭菌土壤，有菌土壤中Q235钢的平均腐蚀速率均大于灭菌土壤.随着阴极极化电位负移的增大，有菌及灭菌土壤中Q235钢试件周围土壤逐渐呈碱性，有菌土壤中Q235钢试件周围土壤中硫酸盐还原菌数量逐渐减少，当阴极极化电位为-1050 mV时，Q235钢试件周围土壤中硫酸盐还原菌仍能够存活.     

Phosphorus (P) management in the ‘De Marke’ dairy farming system

In the sandy regions of the Netherlands water quality is threatened by high losses of nutrients from intensive dairy farms. About 67% (32 kg ha^-1yr^-1) of farm inputs of P in purchased feeds and fertilisers do not leave in milk or cattle. The Dutch government defined decreasing maximum permitted nutrient surplusses for the period 1998–2008, at 9 kg ha^-1yr^-1 for P. Farmers suppose that reducing the surplusses will be costly, because it limits application of slurry, which then has to be either exported or additional land has to be purchased. Moreover, farmers are worried about the impact on soil fertility and crop growth. To explore the possibilities of reducing surplusses by improved management, farming systems research is carried out at prototype farm De Marke. Results indicate that average intensive dairy farms can reduce P surplus sufficiently, without the need to buy land or to export slurry. Key factors are reductions in purchased feeds (by reduced needs per kg milk as a result of a higher milk yield per cow, less young stock and judicious feeding) and fertilisers (by improved management of home-made manure and an increased maize area). Initially, P fertility status of the fields of De Marke decreased, but stabilised in the seventh year at a level not restrictive to crop production.     

Body Compositional Changes and Growth Alteration in Chicks from Hens Fed Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Effects of feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to hens on progeny chick development and composition at hatch (NHC) and three weeks of age (TWC) were assessed. CLA (0 or 0.5%, composed of mixed isomers of cis-9,trans-11 or trans-10,cis-12-CLA) was fed to hens with either safflower (SO) or olive oil (OO) (3 or 3.5%) to assure successful hatch for 2 weeks prior to collection for incubation. Maternal CLA feeding had no effect on hatchability, but improved egg fertility (p < 0.05). Maternal feeding of CLA with SO increased 21 day-old progeny growth, while CLA with OO decreased growth (oil*CLA, p < 0.05). In 25 day-old chicks (TWC), but not NHC, maternal CLA decreased the proportion of total body water (p < 0.05) and increased body ash (p < 0.05). While monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased and saturated fatty acids increased in eggs and NHC from hens fed CLA, no differences in fatty acid composition were observed in chicks at 25 days of age from hens fed CLA. Maternal CLA feeding resulted in the presence of c9,t11 and t10,c12-CLA in NHC, but only c9,t11 in the TWC. In conclusion, hens fed CLA led to improved fertility and altered body composition at 3 weeks of age.     

The supercritical micronization of solid dispersions by Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions using experimental design

The Particle from Gas Saturated Solutions process was successfully used to micronize solid dispersions containing hydrophilic carriers and a new chemical entity, YNS3107. By means of experimental design, the effects of several experimental parameters on micronization were investigated. Within the chosen experimental conditions, the results showed that the autoclave temperature, autoclave pressure, drug loading, flow rate of carbon dioxide and air pressure were significant parameters. During the optimization step, the most relevant parameters of the screening were optimized using a central composite design meanwhile other factors were kept constant. Optimal conditions were used to produce microparticles with a volume weighted mean diameter of 30.4 μm. The closeness between the measured and predicted response, evaluated at 28.1 μm, demonstrated the validity of the statistical analyses. Finally, an enhancement of the rate of dissolution of YNS3107 in the solid dispersion microparticles was measured using USP II dissolution test apparatus.     

路基处治土回弹模量试验研究

对路基处治土水泥砂进行室内回弹模量试验,并对所得试验结果进行深入分析和探讨,为相关工程实践提供数据支持。试验结果表明,水泥含量和压实度等对水泥砂的回弹模量有较大的影响。     

Significance of soil depth on nitrogen transformations in flooded and nonflooded systems under laboratory conditions

The influence of different depths of repacked soil cores on changes in N transformation processes was studied with a subtropical semi-arid soil amended with 100 mg N kg^-1 of Sesbania green manure (GM) or fertilizer (NH₄)₂SO₄ for 35 days under flooded and nonflooded conditions. Shallow soil depth enhanced the rate of nitrification, particularly where aeration was impeded in flooded soils. However, the opposite occurred for denitrification as the relative predominance of underlying anoxic zone increased with increase in soil depth. Nitrate produced in the thin oxic surface soil layer and overlying water in flooded soils was subsequently lost via denitrification, more rapidly where carbon was supplied by added GM. Decomposition of GM was rapid and apparent recovery of applied 100 mg GM-N kg^-1 soil as mineral N after 35 days in flooded soils was 8, 26, 30 and 38% in 1.25-, 2.5-, 5.0- and 7.5-cm deep soil cores, respectively. Soil ammonium-N declined rapidly after an initial rise during decomposition of GM in soil in the shallow soil depth. In contrast, no such decline in NH ₄ ⁺ -N was observed in deep soil cores. In conclusion, the use of shallow soil depths during laboratory incubations can lead to variable results under flooded conditions. To simulate field conditions for obtaining reliable and quantitative information regarding N transformations in soils under flooded conditions, soil depths of 7.5 cm or greater should be used for laboratory incubations and growth chamber studies.     

Effect of moisture content and compaction on the corrosion of mild steel buried in clay soils

ABSTRACT

The corrosion of steels in clay soils is of interest for buried steel infrastructure. To obtain better information about the early corrosion effects, mild steel coupons were exposed for 3, 6 and 13 months in finely graded clay soil at different moisture contents and with different degrees of compression to simulate compaction. It was found that the maximum corrosion mass loss and pit depths occurred at a soil moisture content of 17–18?wt-% for all exposures and levels of compaction, corresponding to around 0.65 degree of saturation. These values are broadly consistent with earlier findings for non-clay soils. For exposures of 3 months corrosion was predominantly localised but subsequently became more uniform. This was shown to be consistent with good compaction of the soil against the steel surface. Poorly compacted lumpy clays, however, showed larger areas of localised corrosion and relatively greater corrosion mass loss and deeper pitting.