Proton elastic scattering differential cross-section measurements of Sc

In the present study the differential cross sections of the ⁴⁵Sc(p,p)⁴⁵Sc reaction were measured. Two independent experiments were performed. At first a sandwiched thin ScBr₃ target was used for beam energies E_LAB = 2300-5500 keV (in steps of 25 and 50 keV) and for detector angles 140°, 160°, and 170°. Secondly a thick Sc₂O₃ sample was formed and irradiated for E_LAB = 3100-5500 keV with a detector placed at 140°, to validate the results of the first measurement.     

Effect of prior cold work on tensile properties of Al–6Mg alloy with minor scandium additions

Effect of aging on the mechanical properties of cold worked Al–6Mg alloy with minor additions of scandium is studied. Cast and mechanically worked samples are isochronally aged for 60 min at different temperatures up to 500°C. Evaluation of mechanical properties of the aged alloys is done at various strain rates of testing. The m-values (strain rate sensitivity) of the experimental alloys are desired from the tensile test results. The influence of scandium is much pronounced on yield strength than on the tensile strength. Alloys with higher scandium content have shown higher yield strength. The ‘m’ values are found to be comparatively high at peak aged condition of alloy with higher scandium content. The fracture of the experimental alloys occurs through microvoid coalescence.

On étudie l’effet du vieillissement sur les propriétés mécaniques de l’alliage écroui d’Al-6Mg avec additions mineures de scandium. On a vieilli à durée égale pendant 60 minutes à différentes températures, jusqu’à 500°C, des échantillons moulés et formés mécaniquement. On fait l’évaluation des propriétés mécaniques des alliages vieillis par essai à différentes vitesses de déformation. On désire les valeurs de m (sensibilité à la vitesse de déformation) des alliages expérimentaux à partir des résultats de l’essai de traction. L’influence du scandium est beaucoup plus prononcée sur la limite d’élasticité que sur la résistance à la traction. Les alliages ayant une teneur plus élevée en scandium ont montré une limite d’élasticité plus élevée. On a trouvé que les valeurs de ″m″ étaient comparativement élevées sous la condition maximale de vieillissement de l’alliage ayant la teneur la plus élevée en scandium. La rupture des alliages expérimentaux se produisait par cupulation.     

Separation and recovery of critical metal ions using ionic liquids

Separation and purification of critical metal ions such as rare-earth elements (REEs), scandium and niobium from their minerals is difficult and often determines if extraction is economically and environmentally feasible. Solvent extraction is a commonly used metal-ion separation process, usually favored because of its simplicity, speed and wide scope, which is why it is often employed for separating trace metals from their minerals. However, the types of solvents widely used for the recovery of metal ions have adverse environmental impact. Alternatives to solvent extraction have been explored and advances in separation technologies have shown commercial establishment of liquid membranes as an alternative to conventional solvent extraction for the recovery of metals and other valuable materials. Liquid membrane transport incorporates solvent extraction and membrane separation in one continuously operating system. Both methods conventionally use solvents that are harmful to the environment, however, the introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) over the last decade is set to minimize the environmental impact of both solvent extraction and liquid membrane separation processes. ILs are a family of organic molten salts with low or negligible vapour pressure which may be formed below 100 ℃. Such liquids are also highly thermally stable and less toxic. Their ionic structure makes them thermodynamically favorable solvents for the extraction of metallic ions. The main aim of this article is to review the current achievements in the separation of REE, scandium, niobium and vanadium from their minerals, using ILs in either solvent extraction or liquid membrane processes. The mechanism of separation using ILs is discussed and the engineering constraints to their application are identified.     

钪的资源及回收提取技术发展现状

钪属于稀土元素,钪及其化合物性质优异,在照明、合金、陶瓷材料等许多行业应用广泛。我国钪资源十分丰富,储量居世界第一位。但是钪多与其他矿物伴生,少见独立矿物,提取困难,价格昂贵,我国在钪的提取和深加工方面的研究仍较为薄弱,与俄罗斯差距较大。文章总结了钪的资源概况及其用途,根据含钪物料性质的不同分三种类型综述了不同含钪物料中钪的提取方法和实例。根据提钪工艺的现状和进展提出选冶联合是今后提钪工艺发展的方向;湿法冶金工艺要寻找高效助浸剂,提高浸出效率,降低药剂消耗;要寻找更多的钪资源和提钪方法;在提钪的同时综合回收其他有价元素;延长产业链,努力发展钪的深加工,提高产品附加值。      

从钛白厂废酸中萃取回收钪的研究

选用新型萃取剂P_(5707)、P_(5709),从硫酸法钛白生产所得废酸中萃取回收钪。萃取第一段采用P_(5707)—癸醇—煤油萃取体系,使钪与大部分钛和其它杂质分离。在第二段采用P_(5709)—TBP—煤油萃取体系,利用钛与双氧水在酸性条件下形成稳定的络合物而使钪钛分离。钪浓缩50多倍,分离效果满意。     

从赤泥盐酸浸出液中提取钪

本文研究了从赤泥的盐酸浸出液中回收钪的工艺条件。以1％P507＋煤油为有机相，相比O／A=1：1．萃取时间15min，钪的萃取率达90％以上。用6mol／L HCl为洗液，洗涤有机相两次，水洗两次，洗涤相比O／A=3：1。反萃剂为2NNaOH溶液，相比O/A=3：1，反萃温度50℃。最终得到的富集物中Sc2O3的纯度为66．09％，富集了2600倍以上。     

Preparation of ultra-high pure scandium oxide with crude product from titanium white waste acid

Recovery of scandium from titanium white waste acid is an essential source of scandium. Simple and economical production of high purity scandium remains a challenge. A new extractant, N,N,N',N'-tetracyclohexyl-diglycolamide (TCHDGA), was synthesized, and the separation performance of scandium from impurity metal ions (Ti, Mn, Ba, Fe, Al and Mg) was investigated. The effects of mixing time, acid concentration and temperature on the scandium extraction were considered. The extraction mechanism was studied by infrared spectroscopy and the Equimole Series Method. Under optimized conditions, the extractant shows a strong affinity to scandium in the nitric acid medium and high extraction separation factors between scandium and these impurity metal ions. A process for the purification of scandium was established. The crude product obtained from titanium white waste acid, 95% purity scandium oxide, can be purified to 99.99% after only one step of extraction, scrubbing, and stripping. This technology is economical and straightforward and can realize the high-value recovery of scandium in the titanium white waste acid.     

攀枝花含钪钛尾矿分解试验研究

对攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿电选尾矿进行了硫酸化焙烧、碱熔焙烧、石灰与添加剂配比焙烧试验研究,找到了分解钛尾矿的较佳途径,分别以30％盐酸和60％硫酸浸出碱焙烧渣和石灰烧渣,其最高浸钪率分别为89．8％和67．9％,达到了分解尾矿的目的．     

云南某地中基性岩浆型钪矿的工艺矿物学研究与可选性评价罗兴

原矿经化学分析、光薄片鉴定、人工重砂分析和扫描电镜电子探针分析等研究发现:岩石类型为角闪长岩、透闪石、透辉石化黑云母角闪石岩等的钪矿石。矿石中的钪主要以类质同象的形式分布,在矿石中的每个矿物中都有分布,但在各矿物中分布的浓度差别较大,其中在铁硅酸盐矿物透辉石、角闪石、钛铁矿、锆石和单斜锆石中的含量较高,最高分布在钛铁矿中,达313 g/t。矿石中的钪主要分布于透辉石中,透辉石中含钪173.9 g/t,分配在透辉石中的钪占75.3%,矿石中的钪可通过电磁选富集。分布于石英和斜长石等非磁性矿物中的钪占16.5%,为不可选的钪。     

赤泥酸浸的试验研究

以HCl和H2SO4为浸出剂,对赤泥中各有价金属的浸出条件进行了较系统的试验研究。结果表明,先采取低浓度HCl浸出,残渣再用高浓度H2SO4分解的两段浸出方式为佳。一段浸取盐酸浓度为6mol／L．液固比L／S=4：1．反应温度50℃,反应时间1h。Sc2O3的浸出率大于80％,TiO2的浸出率为1％左右。二段浸取硫酸浓度为92％．酸渣比为3：1．熟化温度为200℃,熟化时间为1．5h。TiO2的浸出率为96．57％。