Thermodynamics of ionic-association in aqueous solutions of Ca and Mg organic salts using ion-selective electrode technique—II. benzoate, o-toloate, o-chlorobenzoate and salycylate

The stoichiometric association constants, K, the thermodynamic association constant, K_A, and the other thermodynamic parameters such as ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG° for the association between each of the Ca and Mg ions with benzoate, o-toloate, o-chlorobenzoate and salycylate have been determined at 25°C, 35°C and 45°C in aqueous media. Ion-selective electrode technique has been used in the measurements of Ca and Mg ion activitiesThe trend of association behavior of both Ca and Mg aromatic salts could not be explained on the basis of pK_a of the mother organic acids but could be explained based on the trend of Hammet function σ of these salts themselves relative to the corresponding benzoate salt.     

利用铝厂污泥合成莫来石/刚玉复相材料

采用铝型材厂污泥和粘土为原料合成莫来石刚玉复相材料，主要探讨不同Al2O3／SiO2比值对形成的晶相结构影响。采用XRD和SEM表征各样品的晶相，结果表明各样品都形成2种晶相：莫来石固溶体和刚玉相，其中No．2配方中莫来石和刚玉的比例为：71．6：28．4，莫来石在扫描电镜下呈柱状交织，为较佳配方。     

化学教学与思想教育的融汇

本文阐述了在化学教学中要进行辩证唯物主义和爱国主义教育,要关注社会问题,要融汇政治思想教育。思想教育融汇在化学教学环节中首先要求我们对学生进行科学素养的培养;思想教育融汇在化学教学环节中要求我们的教学要与工农业生产相结合;思想教育融汇在化学教学环节中还要求我们的教学要与思想道德教育相结合,要与法制教育相结合;思想教育融汇在化学教学环节中还要求我们的教学要与现代教育技术相结合。     

Low-temperature synthesis of cements from rice hull ash

Rice hull is an agricultural by-product containing about 20% of silica. Usually, this material is burned at the rice fields generating small silica particles, which may cause respiratory and environmental damage. This work describes the use of rice hull ash as a raw material to prepare Ca₂SiO₄-related cements, which is a component of commercial Portland cement. Rice hull was heated at 600 °C rendering silica with a surface area of 21 m² g⁻¹. This material was mixed with CaO and BaCl₂·2H₂O in several proportions, added stoichiometricaly in order to keep a ratio (Ca+Ba)/Si=2. The solids were mixed with water 1:20 (w/w) and sonicated for 60 min. The suspensions were dried and heated at several temperatures (from 500 to 1100 °C). The resulting solids were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Cements with structure similar to that of β-Ca₂SiO₄ were obtained at temperatures as low as 700 °C, according to the composition.     

冶炼不锈钢泡沫渣的实验研究

从理论上阐述冶炼不锈钢时熔渣的发泡机理。并根据上海三钢公司的情况，在2500Hz的中频感应炉上时熔渣进行发泡高度的实验，找出发泡性能较好的渣系，研究渣中各成分对发泡性能的影响。     

精炼渣泡沫化的实验研究

在硅钼炉和感应炉中，对精炼炉熔渣CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-CaF2渣系的发泡性能进行了实验室研究，测试不同熔渣碱度、温度、发泡剂成分等对熔渣发泡效果的影响，并讨论了熔渣的表面张力和粘度等物性与熔渣泡沫化程度的关系。     

应用转炉渣对铁水预脱硅脱磷的实验研究

转炉渣中添加CaF2助熔剂降低其熔化温度可用于铁水预处理。实验确定合适的CaF2添加量为15%~20%。在此基础上,应用转炉渣对铁水进行脱硅、脱磷预处理实验。结果表明,采用转炉渣(80%)-CaF2(20%)的转炉渣剂对铁水脱硅、脱磷预处理,相应的脱硅、脱磷率可分别达到70%和78%左右。在1350℃~1450℃的温度范围内,温度的升降明显影响铁水脱硅、脱磷率。     

转炉炼钢氧枪枪位自动控制专家系统的实验室研究

在转炉造渣过程中，渣中FeO的含量直接影响到石灰的溶解速度、造渣途径和炉渣的喷溅、返干，在泡沫渣淹没吹炼状态下，调整氧枪枪位可有效地控制渣中FeO的含量。音平控渣系统，可以给出喷溅、返干的趋势，在此基础上，开发氧枪枪位自动控制专家系统，对喷溅、返干进行预测，采用自学习技术给出枪拉操作提示。此系统为氧枪自动控制奠定了基础。     

基于PAGM模型的浇注系统对螺旋桨铸件夹渣率的影响

基于分散相粒子运动模型,考虑夹渣在随流运动过程中动态聚合长大现象,构建了夹渣聚合长大模型(PAGM,Particles Aggregation Growth Model)。采用PAGM对铝合金螺旋桨铸件浇注过程中夹渣的运动轨迹、聚合长大行为及最终位置进行了模拟计算和试验验证。在此基础上研究了浇注系统对铸件夹渣分布及夹渣率的影响。结果表明,浇注系统设计对夹渣运动行为及分布有较大影响,PAGM可有效提升对铸件夹渣分布预测的准确性,为铸件优化设计及失效分析提供参考。     

Linux系统下用SCILAB对化学实验数据进行分析和处理

为简单、快速地分析大量的化学实验数据,介绍了自由科学计算软件SCILAB及其在Linux系统下的安装,并用实例讨论了如何用SCILAB分析实验数据。结果表明,用SCILAB所提供的函数对实验数据进行分析处理将非常方便,大大减小误差,SCILAB提供的的图形显示函数绘制实验数据曲线,可以使实验结果更加直观。