Organic solar cell based on photosystem I pigment-protein complex,fabrication and optimization

The trends of using biological materials in electronic devices have made great developments in the last few years. Furthermore, the appealed cost features of organic semiconductors represent a bright low-cost, environment compatible, and efficient future for bio & nanotechnologies, especially Bio-organic solar cells which may consider as a noteworthy option for photovoltaic applications. Here, we report a novel single junction organic solar cell based on photosystem I pigment-protein complex. The complex which operated either as photosensitizer and charge generator compound, surprisingly. Photosystem I complexes were extracted from young spinach leaves and used as the active layer of the intended solid-state solar cell device, subsequently. After the characterization of the final cell, our photovoltaic system showed the current density of 3470 μA cm⁻² which realizes as a notable approach in between photosystem- I based energy conversion systems.     

高压快速冷冻技术在两种培养细胞超微结构中的应用

高压快速冷冻(high-pressure freezing,HPF)能使样品在高压下毫秒内从室温降到液氮温度,所有分子瞬间固定在原位,随后启用冷冻置换(freeze substitution,FS),在低温下缓慢固定的同时用有机溶剂替代样品中的水分,从而保存样品的细微结构接近自然状态.本文使用高压快速冷冻/冷冻置换方法对草地贪夜蛾细胞(sf9细胞)和感染沙眼衣原体的小鼠成纤维细胞(McCoy细胞)进行电镜制样观察,同时对比传统化学固定两种细胞超微结构的差异.结果发现,利用HPF/FS技术,两种细胞中的膜结构、细胞骨架结构更能良好地保存,核膜、高尔基体和囊泡膜平滑完整,无皱缩或断裂,细胞形态更接近自然状态.     

Design and optimization of a monolithic GaInP/GaInAs tandem solar cell

We have theoretically calculated the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of a monolithic dual-junction GaInP/GaInAs device,which can be experimentally fabricated on a binary GaAs substrate.By optimizing the bandgap combination of the considered structure,an improvement of conversion efficiency has been observed in comparison to the conventional GaInP_2/GaAs system.For the suggested bandgap combination 1.83 eV/1.335 eV,our calculation indicates that the attainable efficiency can be enhanced up to 40.45%(30...     

High-performance Poly(biphenyl piperidinium) Type Anion Exchange Membranes with Interconnected Ion Transfer Channels: Cooperativity of Dual Cations and Fluorinated Side Chains

The performance of alkaline fuel cells is severely limited by substandard anion exchange membranes (AEMs) due to the lower ionic conductivity compared to the proton exchange membranes. The ionic conductivity of AEMs can be effectively improved by regulating the microphase structure, but it still cannot meet the practical use requirements. Here, enhanced microphase-separated structures are constructed by the cooperativity of highly hydrophilic dual cations and highly hydrophobic fluorinated side chains. Meanwhile, the introduction of  O enhances the flexibility of side chains and facilitates the formation of ion transport channels. The dual piperidinium cation functionalized membrane (PB2Pip-5C8F) which is grafted with the ultra-hydrophobic fluorocarbon chain exhibits a high conductivity of 74.4 mS cm⁻¹ at 30 °C and 168.46 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C. Furthermore, the PB2Pip-5C8F membrane achieves the highest peak power density of 718 mW cm⁻² at 80 °C under a current density of 1197 mA cm⁻² without back pressure. A long-term life cell test of this AEM shows a low voltage decay rate of 1.68 mV h⁻¹ over 70 h of operation at 80 °C.     

A Molecular Brush Approach to Enhance Quantum Yield and Suppress Nonspecific Interactions of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Targeted Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Cell Imaging

A red‐fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE, P2 ) is grafted with dense poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains via click chemistry and subsequently modified with folic acid to form a molecular brush based cellular probe ( P4 ). P4 self‐assembles into a core–shell nanostructure in aqueous medium with an average size of 130 nm measured by laser light scattering. As compared to P2 , P4 possesses not only a substantially higher quantum yield (11%), but also reduced nonspecific interactions with biomolecules in aqueous medium due to the shielding effect of PEG. In conjunction with its high photostability and low cytotoxicity, utilization of P4 as a far‐red/near‐infrared cellular probe allows for effective visualization and discrimination of MCF‐7 cancer cells from NIH‐3T3 normal cells in a high contrast, selective, and nonviral manner. This study thus demonstrates a flexible molecular brush approach to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of CPEs for advanced bioimaging applications.     

含笑花被片发育和衰老过程中细胞超微结构的变化

以含笑花被片为材料,研究了含笑花发育和衰老进程中细胞超微结构的动态变化。组织化学实验表明,花被片薄壁细胞具有淀粉复合物,其数量多少在花被片发育和衰老过程中呈动态变化。在透射电镜下,Ⅰ时期花被片基本薄壁组织细胞中淀粉复合物极少,可见少量叶绿体;随着花蕾的生长发育,Ⅱ时期至Ⅲ时期花被片基本薄壁组织细胞中淀粉复合物、线粒体、溶酶体等逐渐增多;Ⅳ时期花被片已展开,其淀粉复合物逐渐减少或消失,细胞中的线粒体、溶酶体等细胞器出现不同程度解体;Ⅴ时期花被片萎凋时,淀粉复合物甚少,细胞壁严重弯曲、变形。在扫描电镜下,从顶面观察花被片表皮细胞,可见Ⅰ时期的表皮细胞紧密、光滑;Ⅱ时期至Ⅲ时期花被片表皮细胞表面纹饰结构清晰,同时,基本薄壁组织细胞中颗粒状淀粉复合物随着花被片的发育其数量逐渐增多;Ⅳ时期花被片展开时,表皮细胞垂周壁的条纹上、表皮细胞间隙、气孔孔口可见淀粉复合物,细胞中淀粉复合物逐渐减少且消失;Ⅴ时期花被片已萎凋,表皮细胞塌陷、细胞间隙出现裂痕,细胞中淀粉复合物消失,有少量棉絮状物质。对含笑花被片细胞超微结构的变动与衰老的关系进行了讨论。     

基于雨胞分布的视距链路雨衰减预报模型

基于指数雨胞分布,推导得到路径调整因子,提出了一种新的视距链路雨衰减预报模型.利用ITU-R视距链路雨衰减数据库数据回归得到了预报模型中的参数.通过和ITU-R模型以及近几年发展的几种雨衰减模型比较表明,这一模型较其他模型具有更好的预测精度.     

Performance of adaptive token allocation in the leaky bucket

The leaky bucket is a popular method that can regulate traffic into an ATM broadband network. This paper examines a simple but innovative modification that would also provide priority to access the network. This is done by requiring cells of different classes to obtain different numbers of tokens before receiving their services. As a step further, a dynamic scheme can be used in which the tokens allocated to each class are changed according to the traffic load. Performance evaluations of mean cell delays and cell loss probabilities are obtained to provide insight into the behaviour of the system and to provide guideline for furture design.     

采用部分频率复用的小小区网络建模与分析

小小区组网技术被认为是解决迅速增长的移动数据量需求的方法。然而,密集的小小区组网会导致严重的小区间干扰。传统的部分频率复用方法不能完全照搬用在部署不规则的小小区网络内,急需一种合理高效建模采用频率复用小小区网络的方法,对其性能进行评估。利用随机几何理论对小小区网络考虑部分频率复用场景进行建模,推导了考虑部分频率复用的小小区网络下行覆盖概率和网络吞吐量的表达式。数值仿真结果显示：部分频率复用技术可以提高小小区网络下行覆盖概率,但是会降低网络图吞吐量。在满足覆盖概率约束条件下,得到了使得网络吞吐量最大的频率复用因子的表达式。以上结果对未来采用频率复用技术的小小区组网的具体实施具有重要的指导意义。     

钛金属空芯光纤有机钙钛矿太阳能电池的设计、制备及其特性研究

优化太阳能电池的结构设计可提高太阳能 电池对光的捕获能力。本研究工作设计并制备了结构为钛 /致密二氧化钛/介孔二氧化钛+有机钙钛矿/空穴传输层/聚合物透明电极层的有机钙钛矿空 芯光纤太阳能电 池。对不同光照强度和光入射角度下电池光生电流和电压的分析表明,空芯光纤结构较平面 结构电池在光 捕获能力方面有所提升,光照强度在0－20000 lux范围内光生电压近似以对数函数形式增加;平行光入射钛 金属空芯光纤有机钙钛矿太阳能电池时,入射角度在30°－50°时达 到入射光量与反射次数的平衡,此时光生电压及电流达到较大值。