Formation of GaAsP interface layers monitored by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy

Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) has been used to study As-by-P exchange during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The study focuses on the processes occurring during switching from GaAs to GaInP, especially the effect of purging PH₃ over a GaAs surface. GaAsP/GaAs superlattices of different periodicity were grown and the P-content was determined by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and correlated to the RAS spectra. From the temperature dependence of the P-content, an activation energy of 0.56 eV was estimated for the incorporation mechanism. In addition to the insights into the processes at mixed group-V heterointerfaces, our study demonstrates the reproducibility of RAS transients that thus can be used for process monitoring.     

Porous elastomeric beads from crosslinked emulsions

The production of porous polymeric particles is attractive for a large number of applications and can be achieved by various techniques. Although numerous production schemes exist for glassy polymers, difficulties arise for soft, rubbery materials that need a chemical crosslinking step, such as elastomers. This is particularly true for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which shows the lowest glass‐transition temperature among the polymers. Recent studies suggest in situ hydrogen bubble formation or vacuum drying of water droplets dispersed in the polymer matrix in order to generate porous PDMS structures. In this work we report early results based on the chemical crosslinking of water in PDMS emulsion droplets in a mechanically stirred thermostated water vessel. This approach is shown to lead to high porosity PDMS beads (ca. 10^?3 m particle diameter) with an open structure whose properties (diameter and porosity) are strongly influenced by the starting composition (solvent, surfactant, and polymer types and ratios), as well as the operating parameters (agitation and temperature). The possible uses of these derived beads are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 967–971, 2002     

Modification of poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) thin films by bromine doping

Poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) thin films doped with bromine has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), optical transmission (visible, near ultra violet) and conductivity measurements. The polymer has been doped at room temperature and at 373 K. It is shown by ESR, XPS and optical measurements that a charge transfer complex (CT-complex) is formed between PVK and Br. However, if some bromine acts as dopant of the polymer there is another bromine contribution, which corresponds to bromine covalently bonded to PVK and some only adsorbed. It is also shown by ESR that there is not only polymer doping by bromine but also some partial polymer degradation. Therefore, it can be said that the optimum doping condition of PVK thin films with bromine has been shown to be room temperature post-doping.     

核素^147Pm在细胞内滞留的电镜放射自显影研究

木文用电镜放射自显影术研究了重核裂片~(147)Pm在体内亚细胞水平滞留动态。发现~(147)Pm的内污染沉积早期在血细胞和血管内皮细胞中,尤以在红细胞的沉积为多。~(147)Pm呈选择性滞留于肝细胞亚微结构中,可较多的掺入枯否细胞、肝细胞核和核仁内,在胞质中的糙面内质网、线粒体、微体和糖元中亦有滞留,且主要沉积于糙面内质网和线粒体,在高尔基复合体与糙面内质网所芽生的转移小泡融合处,亦有~(147)Pm滞留的放射自显影象。而在肾小体足细胞的线粒体和溶酶体中,有浓集的放射自显影径迹呈现。在肾近端小管曲部上皮细胞核中和胞质的线粒体和微体中,亦有较多的~(147)Pm滞留。 随着观察时间的延续,~(147)Pm在骨有机质亚微结构中呈现选择性、持续性的沉积增多。可浓集于破骨细胞和成骨细胞核中。此外在骨组织细胞间质中的胶原纤维部位,亦有较多的~(147)Pm沉积,难以排除。     

Crystal orientation of β-phase isotactic polypropylene induced by magnetic orientation of N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide

Melt crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), containing crystallites of N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide (DCNDCA) as a nucleating agent of the the β-phase iPP crystal, is carried out under a magnetic field (6 T) to obtain the alignment of the iPP crystal induced by magnetic alignment of DCNDCA. In a previous paper, DCNDCA was reported to undergo magnetic alignment in a liquid suspension. The obtained iPP sample exhibits alignment of the β-phase crystal with the c-axis aligned perpendicular to the magnetic field. The comparison of this alignment of iPP with the reported magnetic alignment of DCNDCA indicates that the β-phase crystal grows epitaxially on the DCNDCA crystal. The (330)_β plane of the iPP crystal lies on the bc-plane of the DCNDCA crystal in which the direction of the c-axis of the iPP coincides with the direction of the b-axis of the DCNDCA crystal.     

Preparation of core–shell type nanoparticles of diblock copolymers of poly(L‐lactide)/poly(ethylene glycol) and their characterization in vitro

Core–shell type nanoparticles of poly(L ‐lactide)/poly(ethylene glycol) (LE) diblock copolymer were prepared by a dialysis technique. Their size was confirmed as 40–70 nm using photon correlation spectroscopy. The ¹H‐NMR analysis confirmed the formation of core–shell type nanoparticles and drug loading. The particle size, drug loading, and drug release rate of the LE nanoparticles were slightly changed by the initial solvents that were used. The drug release behavior of LE core–shell type nanoparticles showed an initial burst during the first 12 h and then a sustained release until 100 h. The degradation behavior of LE block copolymer nanoparticles was divided into three phases: the initial rapid degradation phase, the stationary phase, and the rapid degradation phase until complete degradation. It was suggested that lidocaine release kinetics were predominantly governed by the diffusion mechanism in the initial burst phase and after that by both of the diffusion and degradation mechanisms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2625–2634, 2002     

Three‐dimensionally braided carbon fiber–epoxy composites,a new type of material for osteosynthesis devices. I. Mechanical properties and moisture absorption behavior

In recent years, three‐dimensionally (3D) braided composites have attracted a great deal of attention because of their high‐impact damage tolerance and fatigue life, superior fracture toughness, and so forth, and have been used in aeronautics, military, and transportation. These advantages make them strong candidates for osteosynthesis devices. In this study, 3D braided carbon fiber–epoxy (C_3D/EP) composites were produced via a simple vacuum impregnation technique. The load‐deflection curve, mechanical properties, and influence of fiber volume fraction, braiding angle, and axial reinforcing fibers were examined to determine their suitability for internal fixation devices. It is found that the C_3D/EP composites have excellent toughness and do not show brittleness when fractured because of their relatively high void content. The flexural, shear, and impact strengths of the C_3D/EP composites are excellent. It was shown that a C_3D/EP composite with a stiffness similar to load‐bearing bones can be made while maintaining enough strength. It is concluded that a relatively higher void content and braiding angle is more suitable for the C_3D/EP composites from the viewpoint of requirements of fracture fixation materials. The moisture absorption behavior and changes in mechanical properties caused by moisture uptake were evaluated. Results show that absorbed moisture slightly decreases mechanical properties of the C_3D/EP composites. Contrary to the unreinforced epoxy, the moisture absorption behavior of the C_3D/EP composites cannot be described with Fick's law of diffusion, probably because of the presence of voids and/or 3D fiber structure. The exact mechanisms should be proposed in further investigations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1031–1039, 2002     

具有势垒增强层的MSM光电探测器暗电流的计算

将具有完全晶格匹配势垒增强层的MSM－PD简化为一维模型，并通过理论分析，得出了它的暗电流特性，进一步得到器件暗电流与势垒增强层的关系。     

A snake for model-based segmentation of biomedical images

In this work we present a snake based approach for the segmentation of images of computerized tomography (CT) scans. We introduce a new term for the internal energy and another one for external energy which solve common problems associated with classical snakes in this type of images. A simplified minimizing method is also presented.     

SDH中泊松分布下误块率与误码率的关系分析

本文较详细地介绍了ＳＤＨ中的ＢＩＰ误码校验方式，推导了泊松分布下，ＢＩＰ误块率与误码率的一般关系式，给出了ＳＤＨ中几种典型的误块率与误码率的关系曲线，并做了计算机模拟验证