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61.
Issa S. Oweis 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,132(5):644-650
Approximate closed form solutions are developed for estimating the mechanical and decomposition settlement of landfills. The mechanical settlements are the immediate (primary) settlement and long term creep. The decomposition settlements are generated by mass loss and gas generation. Based on the approximate solution, the decomposition settlement can constitute a significant portion of the total settlement and can be in the same order as the mechanical settlements. Settlement remaining after landfill closure depends on the decomposition environment during filling. For an average decomposition environment, postoperation settlement can still be significant 20?years after completion of filling. 相似文献
62.
In the world energy about 26% of all was dedved from coal combustion. Nearly 80% of the electricity produced in China is generated from coal. Coal will play the most important role in the coming 50 years as the past century in China. However one consequentially of the mining and combustion of coal is the mobilization of trace elements, especially trace metals, which have environmental and human health significance. Information on concentrations and distributions of potentially toxic elements in coal, and information On the modes of occurrence of these elements and the relations of the minerals in coal can help to predict the behavior of the potentially toxic trace metals dudng cleaning, combustion, weathering, and leaching. 相似文献
63.
This paper presents results of numerical simulations for impact effects in panel-like structures using solid and shell element modeling techniques. Three examples from experiments in literature have been numerically analyzed. The nonlinear transient dynamic analysis code, LS-DYNA is used in the simulations to model projectiles and panel-like targets. It is found that models established for panel-like targets using solid shell elements cannot only save significant computational effort, but also produce good results as long as the panel-like targets satisfy certain conditions. A criterion that governs the validity of modeling panel-like targets with shell elements is proposed in the paper. 相似文献
64.
In the present work, the ohmic resistance of an integrated planar-SOFC (IP-SOFC) has been evaluated by developing a model
whose equations have been solved numerically through an FEM method. The model allows to estimate the distribution of voltage
and current density in the cell. A comparison between simulated and experimental data of area specific resistance is reported,
which shows satisfactory agreement. The mathematical model has also been used to carry out some parametric studies for optimisation
purposes. Indeed, a reduction in cell pitch length and an increase in electrode thickness are predicted to lead to a reduction
in ohmic losses in IP-SOFCs. 相似文献
65.
Keita Yagi Junji Murata Yasuhisa Sano Hidekazu Goto 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2007,8(3):166-169
The copper damascene process is one of the most promising technologies for fabricating Cu wirings for electronic devices such as LSIs. In this research, the fabrication of damascene Cu wirings was conducted using solid acidic catalyst. When a Cu-plated wafer, whose oxide is a basic oxide is dipped into a mixture of oxidizing solution and acidic solution, surface atoms are ionized and etched off into the solution. However, because conventional nonelectrolytic etching does not have a reference surface, it is difficult to utilize for planarization. Therefore, a new nonelectrolytic machining method using a cation-exchange fabric instead of an acidic solution was developed. To be more precise, the planarization of a Cu-plated wafer was carried out by rubbing with the cation-exchange fabric in ozone water. Basically, this method exploits chemical reactions so that the physical properties of the workpiece surface are not deteriorated. Furthermore, this method uses no chemicals except for ozone water, which easily dissociates into water and oxygen molecules; thus, this method is a low-cost, environmentally friendly process. In this paper, as a preliminary experiment, the nonelectrolytic etching of a Cu sample using solutions of O3 and CO2 was carried out to inspect the dependence of the etching rate on [O3] and [H+]. The results indicate that the etching rate increased as [O3] and [H+] increased. When [H+] was high relative to [O3], a smooth etch-pit-free surface was achieved. Next, nonelectrolytic etching using a cation-exchange fabric was carried out, and properties similar to those in the case of etching using solutions were obtained. Finally, damascene Cu wirings were fabricated using ozone water and a cation-exchange catalyst. 相似文献
66.
This paper discusses the relationships studied between manifold solids and r-sets by defining an r-set as a decomposition in two-manifold cells. This decomposition is represented as a graph (Two-manifold Cell Decomposition graph TCD) in which each node corresponds to a 2 manifold component of the regular set, while each arc or hyperarc defines a non-manifold adjacency between components. The TCD model and data structure encoding it were designed in order to be compatible with a traditional boundary architecture. 相似文献
67.
这里根据轮盘、板类等常用机械零件一般含有规则和非规则分布的相同结构的特点,总结出应用功能强大的Solid Works软件进行该类零件三雏设计的多种实用方法,给出了含有非规则分布的相同结构零件的快速设计方法,并分析了各种方法的应用场合。 相似文献
68.
Shiqiang Hui Justin RollerSing Yick Xinge ZhangCyrille Decès-Petit Yongsong XieRadenka Maric Dave Ghosh 《Journal of power sources》2007
The advantages of lowering the operation temperature of SOFCs have attracted great interest worldwide. One of the major barriers to decreasing the operation temperature is the ohmic loss of the electrolyte. Maximizing the electrolyte ionic conductivity is of significant importance, especially in the absence of new electrolyte materials. The ionic conductivity of electrolytes can be influenced by many parameters. There has been an enormous effort in the literature for the improvement of the electrolyte ionic conductivity. From a practical point of view, this paper reviews various approaches to enhancing the ionic conductivity of polycrystalline zirconia- and ceria-based oxide electrolytes in the light of composition, microstructure, and processing. Suggestions are given for future work. 相似文献
69.
高功率二极管泵浦固体激光技术和应用前景的分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
文章对高功率二极管泵浦固体激光器的若干关键技术,包括激光二极管和增益介质,泵浦,耦合和冷却技术,以及光学谐振腔等作了详细的分析。 相似文献
70.
改善高平均功率固体激光器光束质量的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文首先概述了内含热透镜的激光谐振腔的分析方法,提出影响高平均功率固体激光器光束质量的主要因素是激光介质的热效应,尤其是非对称的热透镜象差。因此,改善光束质量的途径是补偿或修正透镜象差,使光束质量达到非相干多模振荡的理论值。 相似文献