原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中锑

铜精矿中锑作为杂质元素在铜精矿化验分析中是必检项目。微量锑的测定一般采用萃取富集后用分光光度法测定。但是该方法要使用苯或甲苯等有机试剂,这些有机试剂会对人员和环境造成伤害和污染。在国家标准铜精矿化学分析法中采用原子荧光光谱法测定微量锑。但许多中、小化验室因缺乏原子荧光光谱仪而无法开展。本方法充分利用铜精矿的铁,使其形成氢氧化铁与少量锑共沉淀而与铜、镍等元素分离,在稀盐酸介质中用原子吸收光谱法测定。方法简单快速,便于掌握。     

有机硅氧烷对硅橡胶网络的补强作用

本文通过硅氧烷水解的途径对乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)在交联前后导入不变形或可变形的补强填充剂的新方法进行了研究,并此较了它们的补强性能。实验结果表明:交联后的 PDMS 网络,用四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)水解得到的二氧化硅粒子具有最佳的补强性能,这种方法要比其他硅氧烷水解获得的补强效应大得多。实验也指出:液体硅橡胶在交联前引入的二氧化硅补强剂是完全可能的。它能形成一种稳定的橡胶一填料分散体系,并有相当的补强作用。但它的补强效应不如交联后引入补强剂的方法好。     

表面诱导沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2纳米复合粉体

采用表面诱导沉淀法,制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２（１５ｖｏｌ％）纳米复合粉料,利用透射电子显微镜对其形貌进行了表征,结果表明：在ｐＨ＝５时,可以使ＺｒＯ２前驱体均匀地包裹在Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒表面,经过８００℃煅烧之后,Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｘ颗粒表面均匀地结合着粒径约为３０ｎｍ的ＺｒＯ２颗粒,ＺｒＯ２颗粒尺寸均匀,该粉体经过２４ｈ球磨和超声波处理之后,未发生ＺｒＯ２颗粒脱落现象,表明ＺｒＯ２颗粒与Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒表面     

Pt-Cu2O/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化制氢活性

采用化学沉积法制备了Cu_2O/TiO_2复合光催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)表征复合催化剂的微观形貌、元素组成、结构和光学特性。以H_2PtCl_6为无机前驱体对复合材料进行Pt负载,研究了不同Cu_2O含量对制氢活性的影响及不同光源下的制氢活性。结果表明,该复合催化剂表现出较好的光催化制氢活性,当Cu_2O的含量为1%(质量分数)时,氢气的产生量最高。     

超超临界锅炉材料TP310HCbN(HR3C)持久及析出行为

采用持久试样方法,结合Gleeble、硬度分析、SEM、EDS、TEM等分析手段,对TP310HCbN耐热钢热变形以及在650℃与700℃条件下持久及析出行为进行了分析。结果表明:两种持久温度条件下,硬度变化趋势差别不大;随着持久时间延长,TP310HCbN耐热钢晶内析出物由颗粒状转变为棒状,并存在大量与位错相互作用的蠕虫状NbCrN析出物;太钢生产的TP310HCbN耐热钢650℃/700℃-100000h外推持久强度均满足标准要求。     

N18、Zry-4和M5锆合金中氢的固溶度

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了含氢20-240μg/g的N18、Zry-4和M5三种锆合金加热时氢化物完全溶解时的固溶度(TSSD)和冷却时氢化物开始析出时的固溶度(TSSP)并使用TSSD或TSSP数据拟合出最优方程.结果表明,这些合金的TSSD或TSSP差别都很小,TSSD与TSSP之间都存在显著的滞后,是氢化物与基体间的体积错配应变所导致.根据冷却时DSC放热峰的宽度,计算出氢化物从过饱和固溶体中析出的平均速率,并拟合出最优方程.氢化物析出的活化能与氢在锆合金中的扩散激活能近似,表明氢化物的析出受到氢扩散的控制.     

Utilization of landfill leachate parameters for pretreatment by Fenton reaction and struvite precipitation—A comparative study

This paper reports results of laboratory studies on two pretreatment methods, struvite precipitation using aeration with H₃PO₄ and Fenton oxidation. These methods utilized specific properties of the leachate: high magnesium content (172 mg L⁻¹) for struvite precipitation and a high iron concentration (56 mg L⁻¹) for Fenton treatment. Struvite precipitation (H₃PO₄, 700 mg L⁻¹) removed 36% of NH₃-N and 24% of SCOD. Fenton treatment (at pH 3.5) required 650 mg L⁻¹ of H₂O₂ and removed 66% of SCOD. The effect of each pretreatment on the returned activated sludge (RAS) was evaluated using respirometry. Both methods reduced the inhibitory effect of the leachate and substantially increased biokinetic parameters. The BOD₅/SCOD ratio increased from 0.63 for raw leachate to 0.82 (struvite) and 0.88 (Fenton). Estimation of capital and operational costs of the total leachate treatment indicated that aeration with struvite precipitation, followed by biological treatment, would be the preferred option.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖杂化材料的制备

以原位沉积法为基础, 采用水热处理法制备羟基磷灰石(HA)/壳聚糖(CS)杂化材料, 以解决HA在CS基体中分布不均和结合不紧密的问题. 研究表明, 通过水热处理后所得到的杂化材料是由CS分子和低结晶度的HA晶体所组成. 其中HA的晶体尺寸为纳米级, 均匀分布在CS分子中. 而且杂化材料中的HA和CS都出现沿C轴方向的择优生长. 同时还发现, 在所得杂化材料中的HA晶体与CS分子出现了较强的化学键合作用, 且这种化学键合作用的强度随水热处理温度的升高而增强, 其中当水热处理温度为100℃时,这种化学键合作用达到最强.     

CSP工艺热轧低碳钢板的强化机制

采用金相显微镜、H—800透射电镜和正电子湮没方法分析了CSP热轧低碳钢板金相组织、析出物形貌、尺寸、分布及位错密度。结果表明:CSP工艺热轧低碳钢板的晶粒较为细小,约为5.3μm;当累积变形量较小、变形温度较高时,析出物主要在晶界上,数量少见比较粗大,其尺寸大多大于150nm;当累积变形量较大、变形温度较低时,析出物主要在晶内,细小、弥散且数量较多,其尺寸大多为20～100nm,析出物主要为Al_2O_3、MnS或Cu_7S_4;随着累积变形量的增加,位错密度明显增加,终轧后轧件的位错密度约为6.35×10~(14)m~(-2)。晶粒细化、析出物弥散分布及位错密度增加是CSP工艺热轧低碳钢板强度高的决定因素。     

Evaluation of different screening methods to understand the dissolution behaviors of amorphous solid dispersions

Objective: The objectives of the current study were to understand the dissolution behaviors of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) using different screening methods and their correlation to the dissolution of formulated products.

Materials and methods: A poorly soluble compound, compound E, was used as a model compound. ASDs were prepared with HPMC, Kollidon VA64 and Eudragit EPO using hot-melt extrusion. Different techniques including precipitation, powder, capsule and compact dissolution and the dissolution of formulated products were conducted in USP simulated gastric fluid using a USP II dissolution apparatus.

Results and discussions: It was found that a precipitation study could generally predict powder, capsule and compact dissolution. Yet, it was recommended to run the dissolution at a higher paddle speed or for a longer duration to improve the predictability. It was also recommended to run powder, capsule and compact dissolution at both slow and high speeds to gain insights into wetting, dispersion and the dissolution of a system. Sometimes, capsule or compact dissolution could not be predicted by precipitation or powder dissolution due to plug formation. In this case, properly designed dosage forms were needed to break up this plug to optimize the dissolution profiles. On the contrary, formulations and dissolution conditions would have minimal effects on the dissolution profiles of a fast-dissolving solid dispersion.

Conclusions: Different techniques are available to select the right polymers to optimize dissolution behaviors. However, it is important to understand the merits and limitations of each technique in order to optimize the formulations for amorphous solid dispersions.