超临界CO_2发泡聚苯乙烯工艺研究

以超临界CO_2为发泡剂,采用釜压法在不同发泡工艺条件下制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)发泡试样,通过扫描电子显微镜对PS发泡试样的泡孔形貌进行了表征,探讨了不同发泡工艺对PS发泡试样发泡性能的影响。结果表明,随发泡温度的升高,PS发泡试样泡孔尺寸增大,泡孔密度下降,而泡沫密度呈现先降低后升高的趋势,发泡倍率与此相反;增大保压时间和保压压力,可提高试样的发泡效果。当发泡温度为136℃,保压压力为20 MPa,保压时间为4 h时,PS发泡试样的发泡效果最好,其泡沫密度为0.043 g/cm~3,发泡倍率为24.4,泡孔尺寸为59.8μm,泡孔密度为6.20×107个/cm~3。     

Mass transfer correlations for membrane gas-solvent contactors undergoing carbon dioxide desorption

Membrane gas-solvent contactors are a hybrid technology combining solvent absorption with membrane gas separation, which demonstrates potential for CO₂ capture through the ability of the membrane to rigidly control the mass transfer area. Membrane contactors have been successfully demonstrated for CO₂ absorption, and there is strong research interest in using membrane contactors for the complimentary CO₂ desorption process to regenerate the solvent. However, understanding and modelling the various stages of mass transfer in the desorption process is less well-known, given the existing mass transfer correlations had been developed from absorption experiments. Hence, mass transfer correlations for membrane contactors are reviewed here, and their appropriateness for desorption analysed. This is achieved through simulating CO₂ desorption through a membrane contactor from loaded 30wt% monoethanolamine solvent to enable comparison of the correlations. It was found that the most cited correlations by Yang and Cussler were valid for shell side parallel flow, while that of Kreith and Black was viable for shell side cross flow. A limitation of all of these correlations is that they assume single phase flow on both sides of the membrane; however, the high temperature of CO₂ desorption can lead to partial solvent vaporisation and hence two phases present on one side of the membrane contactor during desorption. A mass transfer correlation is established here for two phase parallel flow on the shell side of a membrane contactor, based on experimental results for three composite and one asymmetric hollow fibre membrane contactors stripping CO₂ from loaded MEA at 105-108℃. This correlation is comparable to that reported in the literature for mass transfer in other two phase systems, but differs from the standard format for membrane contactors in terms of the exponent on the dimensionless Schmidt and Reynolds numbers.     

A thermodynamic investigation of adsorbate‐adsorbate interactions of carbon dioxide on nanostructured carbons

A thermodynamic study of carbon dioxide adsorption on a zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC), a superactivated carbon (MSC‐30), and an activated carbon (CNS‐201) was carried out at temperatures from 241 to 478 K and pressures up to 5.5?10⁶ Pa. Excess adsorption isotherms were fitted with generalized Langmuir‐type equations, allowing the isosteric heats of adsorption and adsorbed‐phase heat capacities to be obtained as a function of absolute adsorption. On MSC‐30, a superactivated carbon, the isosteric heat of carbon dioxide adsorption increases with occupancy from 19 to 21 kJ?mol^?1, before decreasing at high loading. This increase is attributed to attractive adsorbate–adsorbate intermolecular interactions as evidenced by the slope and magnitude of the increase in isosteric heat and the adsorbed‐phase heat capacities. An analysis of carbon dioxide adsorption on ZTC indicates a high degree of binding‐site homogeneity. A generalized Law of Corresponding States analysis indicates lower carbon dioxide adsorption than expected. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1026–1033, 2018     

用钛白废渣七水硫酸亚铁生产聚合硫酸铁

硫酸法钛白粉排放大量FeSO4.7H2O废渣,目前主要用其生产铁黑、铁黄、铁红等铁系颜料及FeSO4.H2O饲料。但由于铁系颜料及FeSO4.H2O饲料的国内、国际市场容量有限,FeSO4.7H2O废渣的处理已成为我国硫酸法钛白粉快速发展的瓶颈之一。聚合硫酸铁是一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂,广泛用于各种工业污水的混凝净化处理,市场容量很大。利用钛白粉废渣作为原料,经过精制,将废渣所含的氧化钛回收返回钛白粉生产线,利用高效、节能、成熟的工装设备,采用催化及直接氧化法生产高质量的液体聚合硫酸铁,具有很好的经济效益和环境效益。     

污水处理厂消毒方式探讨

针对国内城市污水处理厂出水消毒的现状,分别介绍了紫外线消毒、液氯消毒和二氧化氯消毒工艺的原理、优点和缺点,影响消毒效果的因素,以指导相关人员合理选择消毒工艺,提高污水消毒效率。     

燃煤电厂烟气中二氧化碳的减排技术

由于CO2等温室气体引发的温室效应对全球生态环境和社会经济发展造成了显著影响,使得CO2减排受到了国际社会的密切关注。文章针对CO2的集中排放源,介绍燃煤电厂烟气中CO2减排技术路线和目前国际上常用的CO2捕集分离技术,最后分析和展望CO2捕集分离技术的发展前景。     

如何使浮法玻璃熔窑硫排放达标

介绍了玻璃常用澄清剂的种类及其澄清机理。提出玻璃企业在无脱硫设施的情况下,可以通过使用不含硫的清洁燃料、降低芒硝含率等方法,实现浮法玻璃熔窑烟气达标排放。