基于焊接温度场正面信息的熔透控制方法及验证

在所建立的试件有限尺寸三维温度场解析模型的基础上,利用相关性原理同时考虑温度变化的灵敏度问题,定量地给出了控制背面熔宽时正面测温点的选择区域,提供了测温点的一般选择原则,讨论了基于温度场正面信息的GTAW熔透控制方法,运用仿真手段进行了PID参数优化设计,通过试验验证了PID和FUZZY复合控制的有效性。     

自旋式脱接器在临盘油田的应用

为保障临盘采油厂的大泵井正常生产 ,购进了自旋式脱接器。这种脱接器由上体和下体两部分组成 ,上体包括轨道管和轨道套 ;下体包括接头、挡圈、弹簧、滑套和中心杆。自旋式脱接器可在任意位置和角度对接和脱开 ,对接和脱开时只需下放和上提抽油杆柱即可完成。当泵砂卡时 ,左旋抽油杆柱即可脱开 ,解决了砂卡井脱接器不能脱开的难题。该脱接器可重复对接12 0次以上 ,耐疲劳寿命 7× 10 7次以上     

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作为一项钻井新技术，小眼井钻井可大幅度降低钻井成本,正愈来愈受到国内外各油气田的重视。小眼井钻井技术在中原油田主要用于φ139.7mm套管开窗侧钻井裸眼段的钻进，根据中原油田20余口φ139.7mm套管开窗侧钻井的钻井实践，探讨了中原油田φ118mm井眼钻 井的若干技术问题，其中包括钻头选择、钻井参数的优选、钻具组合和轨迹控制、固井技术及井下复杂情况和事故处理技术等。     

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鄂尔多斯盆地油气资源丰富 ,目前已累计探明天然气地质储量 1 18× 10 12 m3 ,成为了中国第一个天然气探明储量超过万亿立方米的大气区。长庆油田作为盆地勘探的主体 ,在 30余年的天然气勘探历程中 ,经历曲折和挫折 ,终于取得了令人瞩目的突破。靖边下古生界气田 (长庆气田 )的发现 ,即是解放思想 ,重新认识 ,改变构造成藏的认识 ,提出风化壳古地貌成藏认识的结果 ;榆林气田和苏里格气田的探明 ,则是解放思想 ,提出上古生界大面积含气背景下 ,存在高渗储层而坚持勘探的成果。天然气勘探取得突破是勘探者解放思想 ,对盆地特征重新认识 ,应用勘探新理论 ,改变勘探思路的结果。     

输油管线停输期间开泵顶管时间周期的确定

对于间断性输送高凝点石油产品 ,在停输时间较长的情况下 ,为避免油品凝结 ,需定时开泵进行顶管。为减少操作频次 ,节约能量消耗 ,通过对管线油品温降的计算和分析 ,可以比较精确地测算出输油管线温降规律 ,从而确定停输期间开泵顶管的时间周期 ,为生产实际提供理论依据     

温度计量技术进展近况

近年来，在把ITS－90更方便地传递到工作用温度计，温度测量仪表采用信息技术和特殊工业场合测温应用方面均取得了一些进展。本文介绍了国内外温度技术在这些方面进展的状况。对温度定点，校验器，热电偶和热电阻测温，辐射测温，光纤测温和信息时代自动化系统中的温度检测仪表的重要进展分别作了介绍。     

The effect of ambient temperature on the sensitivity of hot-cathode ionization gauges

We measured the sensitivities of five hot-cathode ionization gauges for ambient laboratory temperatures between 23 and 31 °C. All of the ionization gauges exhibited very similar behavior, and the sensitivity could be adequately modeled with a linear function of temperature. The slopes of the fits were smaller than one would expect due to changes in the calibration chamber number density. The thermal transpiration effect, due to local heating of the gauge structures, can account for this, and a characteristic gauge tube temperature can be inferred from the temperature dependence of the sensitivity. A recent comparison of the high vacuum standards of several National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) was performed over the range of 10⁻⁶-10⁻³ Pa using hot-cathode and spinning rotor gauges as transfer standards. Among the participants, laboratory temperatures varied by as much as 5 °C. It is necessary to know how laboratory temperature affects the sensitivity of the hot-cathode transfer standards (spinning rotor gauges explicitly account for the gas temperature) so that individual laboratory results can be corrected to a common temperature.     

关于沥青针入度指数

介绍了沥青针入度指数(PI)的由来和计算、使用意义、局限性和分析。     

Modeling of Temperature–Frequency Correlation Using Combined Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Regression Technique

A good understanding of environmental effects on structural modal properties is essential for reliable performance of vibration-based damage diagnosis methods. In this paper, a method of combining principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector regression (SVR) technique is proposed for modeling temperature-caused variability of modal frequencies for structures instrumented with long-term monitoring systems. PCA is first applied to extract principal components from the measured temperatures for dimensionality reduction. The predominant feature vectors in conjunction with the measured modal frequencies are then fed into a support vector algorithm to formulate regression models that may take into account thermal inertia effect. The research is focused on proper selection of the hyperparameters to obtain SVR models with good generalization performance. A grid search method with cross validation and a heuristic method are utilized for determining the optimal values of SVR hyperparameters. The proposed method is compared with the method directly using measurement data to train SVR models and the multivariate linear regression (MLR) method through the use of long-term measurement data from a cable-stayed bridge. It is shown that PCA-compressed features make the training and validation of SVR models more efficient in both model accuracy and computational costs, and the formulated SVR model performs much better than the MLR model in generalization performance. When continuously measured data is available, the SVR model formulated taking into account thermal inertia effect can achieve more accurate prediction than that without considering thermal inertia effect.     

非电量微机采集系统

实现水电厂电量快速微机巡回检测，温度采集较其它信号更为困难，本文着重讨论温度信号转换及与微机系统的连接。且介绍某水电厂微机控系统中非电量检测装置的硬件结构和软件编制。