万家寨引黄南干线二级泵站出水压力平洞混凝土衬砌裂缝成因与处理

分析引黄南干二级泵站出水压力平洞混凝土村砌裂缝成因以及处理办法     

Organic geochemistry of heavy/extra heavy oils from sidewall cores, Lower Lagunillas Member, Tia Juana Field, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela

The study of 22 oils from sidewall cores taken at different depths in the Lower Lagunillas Member, well LSJ-AB, Tia Juana Field, Maracaibo Lake is presented, with the purpose of predicting the intervals that present the best crude oil quality. Differences were detected in the biodegradation levels of the studied samples, which are correlated with the depth at which the sidewall core was taken. The API gravity was considered for the oils from each sidewall core and it was found that toward the top of the sequence, the oils have an API gravity of 10.6-11.2°, while toward the base part of the sequence, the well produces extra heavy oils with an API gravity that varies between 8.2 and 8.7°.     

关于离子注入中温升的探讨

本文在理论和试验两个方面探讨了离子注入中的热效应和温升现象。注入样品的温升对离子注入层的性能有直接影响。分析了理论计算注入样品温升的一些情况。给出了实际测量注入样品温升的几种试验方法。阐明了控制注入样品温升的若干可能途径。     

Behavior of a Semiintegral Bridge Abutment under Static and Temperature-Induced Cyclic Loading

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of semiintegral bridge abutments. Primary interests were to investigate (1) potential problems with the particular detail tested; (2) rotational characteristics of the semiintegral abutments; and (3) ability of the specimens to withstand cyclic loading induced by temperature variations during the expected life of the bridge. Sixteen experiments were conducted on three large-scale specimens. The results of the tests have shown that semiintegral abutments can significantly reduce the moments transferred from the superstructure to the foundation piles. Test results have also shown that semiintegral abutments can tolerate the number of displacement cycles that a bridge will experience during the course of its economic life.     

注高温热水管线缓蚀,阻垢实验研究

针对辽河油田高凝油区块注高温热水(85—95℃)引起的腐蚀、结垢,开展了室内和现场缓蚀、阻垢试验;分析了不同温度下注水的腐蚀情况,对比、考察了不同的缓蚀剂、阻垢剂及其复配物,得出了如下认识:在注高温热水条件下直接采用常温下使用的防腐蚀、防垢方法是不可行的,必须有针对性地进行高温条件下防腐蚀、防垢的实验研究工作。     

Effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)

Studies on the effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton were carried out in the laboratory at four different temperatures, 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C. The mean fecundity per female at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 37.6±1.9, 84.2±2.7, 112.3±3.9 and 109.3±3.9 eggs, respectively. Oviposition period ranged from 4.7 days at 20°C to 2.9 days at 33°C. Hatchability of eggs was highest at 29°C with 70.0% and lowest at 20°C with 15.0%. The developmental time decreased with increase in temperature. The mean developmental time at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 13.8±0.3, 7.8±0.2, 5.1±0.2 and 3.9±0.2 days for the egg, 90.0±0.7, 50.1±0.7, 36.1±0.8 and 23.6±0.8 days for the larval stages, 22.3±2.6, 12.2±0.2, 10.1±0.1, and 7.8±0.2 days for the pupa and 126.1±0.8, 70.1±0.8, 51.3±0.9, and 35.1±0.8 days for the period from egg hatching to adult emergence, respectively. Since fecundity, oviposition and development of the moth were impaired at 20°C, storage of yam tubers at low temperatures (well below 20°C but not lower than 12°C to avoid chilling injury) will significantly retard the development of D. rugosella and help in its control. Unmated individuals lived longer than their mated counterparts. Adult females were always larger than the males. The wing span of the female ranges from 16.9-18.5 and in males from 13.0-15.0 mm. The body length for males ranged from 5.0-6.5 and was 6.5-9.0 mm for females.     

Understanding chemical reactions between carbons and NaOH and KOH: An insight into the chemical activation mechanism

Direct mixing of an anthracite with hydroxides (KOH or NaOH) and heat treatment up to 730 °C has shown to be a very good activation procedure to obtain activated carbons with very high surface areas and high micropore volumes. The reactions involved during the heat treatment of these hydroxide/anthracite mixtures have been analysed to deep into the fundamental of the knowledge of this chemical activation process, that has not been studied before. For this purpose, the present paper analyses the drying process, the atmosphere during the carbonisation, the chemical state of the activating agents (NaOH, KOH and Na₂CO₃) and the chemical reactions occurring during the heat treatment which have been followed by FTIR and TPD. The analysis of our results allows us to conclude that steam is a good atmosphere for the carbonisation process, alone or joined with nitrogen, but not as good as pure nitrogen. On the other hand, during the activation process, the presence of CO₂ should be avoided because it does not develop porosity. The reactions, and chemical changes, involved during this chemical process are discussed both from a thermodynamical point of view as well as identifying the reaction products (H₂ by TPD and Na₂CO₃ by FTIR). As a result, this paper helps to cover the present lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the reactions of an anthracite with hydroxides which are necessary to understand the activation of the material.     

基于遗传算法的工作辊温度场参数优化模型

针对热连轧机工作辊热辊形计算中温度场模型的热交换等参数难以确定的问题 ,建立了基于遗传算法的参数优化模型 ,可以解决复杂条件下的热参数的求解问题。利用优化参数计算的轧辊温度场与实际测量结果一致。     

浅谈变频器供电条件下电动机的温升与对策

随着变频调速技术的蓬勃发展，变频器供电电机的温升问题已引起人们的广泛关注。本文首先讨论了电动机的温升限度；然后结合感应电机温升实验的相关数据分析了变频器供电对电动机温升的影响及其原因；最后从降低发热量和提高散热能力两方面提出缓解电机温升的措施，并指出了实际应用中应注意的问题。