合金元素对铝合金在泰国曼谷地区初期腐蚀行为的影响

在泰国曼谷地区对5083、6063和7020 3种铝合金进行为期1 a的暴晒实验,采用SEM、电化学实验、XPS和扫描Kelvin探针显微镜(SKPFM)对3种铝合金初期腐蚀形貌及腐蚀机理进行研究。结果表明:6063铝合金中Mg、Si、Fe等合金元素含量较少,腐蚀电位相对较高,约为-0.66 V (vs SCE),腐蚀产物膜较为致密,耐蚀性较好,在泰国曼谷地区的腐蚀速率约为0.7 g/(m²·a)。7020铝合金含有较多Mg、Zn等合金元素,腐蚀电位约为-0.78 V (vs SCE),腐蚀最为严重,腐蚀速率约为3.26 g/(m²·a)。3种铝合金均含有Mn、Si、Fe等合金元素,从而形成Fe-Si-Al或Fe-Si(Mn)-Al第二相,第二相表面电位高于基体225～280 mV,在大气环境中第二相作为阴极相,周围的基体Al优先溶解脱落,成为点蚀坑。     

TYIN tegnestue Architects. Integrating On-Site Education and Practice

Founded by Andreas Grøntvedt Gjertsen and Yashar Hanstad, TYIN tegnestue Architects grew out of an initiative to provide sleeping accommodation for an orphanage in Thailand when the principals were only third-year architecture students. Norwegian architect Lisbet Harboe explains how the student-architects built up a practice while in schools by refocusing their studies and those of their peers on learning through their own experiences of construction.     

渤海油田科学钻井试验及分析

根据系统工程和价值工程原理，借鉴泰国湾优快钻井经验，提出了适合渤海油田钻井特点的快节奏作业方式和激励性管理模式。介绍了９项配套的钻井技术和５项规范的管理方法。渤海油田３项科学钻井试验的结果表明，采用新的技术和方法能显著提高钻井速度和降低钻井成本，必将促进海洋油气勘探和开发水平的进一步提高。     

Material research for environmental sustainability in Thailand: current trends

Abstract

This article covers recent developments of material research in Thailand with a focus on environmental sustainability. Data on Thailand’s consumption and economic growth are briefly discussed to present a relevant snapshot of its economy. A selection of research work is classified into three topics, namely, (a) resource utilization, (b) material engineering and manufacturing, and (c) life cycle efficiency. Material technologies have been developed and implemented to reduce the consumption of materials, energy, and other valuable resources, thus reducing the burden we place on our ecological system. At the same time, product life cycle study allows us to understand the extent of the environmental impact we impart to our planet.     

Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from an endemic region of HIV-associated cryptococcosis in Thailand

We successfully isolated Cryptococcus neoformans from chicken faeces in suburban areas of Thailand. C. neoformans was isolated from 36/150 houses (24.0%) in the dry season and 6/150 (4.0%) in the rainy season. All environmental isolates were of serotype A. The high isolation rate of 24% from chicken faeces has never been reported previously. Our environmental study could probably explain the high incidence of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients in Thailand.     

健康的生态系统服务和人居环境：泰国北部的机遇与挑战

健康的生态系统服务对于人类健康至关重要。设计师、规划师和学者们需要共同协作创造更具韧性的建成环境。然而,当前的研究成果仍然较难应用到具体的现实场景中。不管是在城市还是乡村,设计师、规划师和学者们都需要了解现状当中的问题,为提出解决方案而进行充分的调研和设计探讨。然而理论和实践的差距仍可能导致进度的滞后。从城市规划师、风景园林师和学者的角度审视泰国北部建成环境中的三大议题：环境公平、食物安全和空气质量。讨论设计师和学者们在解决上述问题过程中可合作努力的方向,涉及循证设计、研究方法和设计评估。最后提出了一个致力于改善健康生态系统和人居环境关系的新范式。     

Training on Energy Management System

正The training on energy management system,undertaken by the Secretariat of China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS),and jointly organized by Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)and Pacific Accreditation Cooperation(PAC),was held in Beijing from August 12 to15,2014.The training attracted 39 workers and reviewers of energy management system accreditation institutions from countries including China,Russia,Indonesia,Malaysia,India,Vietnam,Thailand,South Korea,Japan and so on.     

Nascent Innovation Systems in Developing Countries: University Responses to Regional Needs in Thailand

Universities are playing a major role in regional innovation by interacting directly with regional stakeholders. Up to now there is little evidence on responses of universities to regional needs in developing countries. This paper applies an adopted framework of nascent regional innovation systems in developing countries to a study of the potential impacts of five universities in three regions in Thailand. The empirical evidence suggests that more systematic approaches toward regional university-industry knowledge transfer are still limited by centralized national policies, a low sophistication of regional technological needs, and institutional barriers within the higher education system. University responses to regional needs differ markedly between the Bangkok region and two peripheral regional innovation systems.     

Assessment of Agricultural NonPoint Source Model for a Watershed in Tropical Environment

Very little work on the application of watershed modeling has been done in the tropical climatic conditions of Thailand to explore the nature of environmental problems arising from nonpoint source pollution due to agricultural activities, and to evaluate possible remedial measures and strategies. The present study attempts to verify the suitability of a nonpoint source pollution model, the Agricultural NonPoint Source model, for the Huai Nong Prong watershed in Southeastern Thailand. Extensive fieldwork was carried out to collect data and information needed for the model preparation and application. The study has revealed that simulated runoff volume, sediment, and nutrient yield from the watershed with mixed land use and relatively high slopes match favorably with observed data. For the ten rainfall events simulated, the coefficient of performance, a measure of model efficiency (equal to zero for a perfect match), was 0.09, 0.47, 0.09, and 0.03 for runoff volume, sediment yield, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, respectively. The model, however, could not accurately simulate peak flow rates, suggesting the need for changes in the modeling approach or governing equations and relationships to calculate peak discharges in a tropical environment.     

Using the Health Action Process Approach and implementation intentions to increase flu vaccine uptake in high risk Thai individuals: A controlled before-after trial.

Objective: Influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal in many countries, including Thailand. This study compared the effect of a theory-based educational leaflet, based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), and action planning intervention with a standard government information leaflet designed to increase influenza vaccination uptake among high-risk Thai adults. Design: A controlled before and after trial was conducted. Participants in the intervention (n = 99) received a leaflet based on the HAPA and asking them to form an action plan identifying where, when, and how they would seek vaccination. Those in the comparison condition (n = 102) received a standard government information leaflet. Main Outcomes Measures: There are 2 sets of outcome measures: (a) process measures of HAPA related variables taken at T1 and T2, and (b) vaccination rates during the subsequent 2 months. Results: The HAPA intervention resulted in greater changes on measures of risk perception, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, and intention than the comparison condition. Stronger intentions to obtain vaccination were explained by changes in outcome expectancies, perceived self-efficacy for arranging time and transportation, and planning. No significant difference in vaccination rates was observed between two groups. Influenza vaccination was directly predicted by self-efficacy and intention. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that a HAPA-based leaflet may be a useful tool to enhance individual's vaccination intention, but larger trials are required to confirm these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)