Genetic effects of heat stress on milk yield of Thai Holstein crossbreds

The threshold for heat stress on milk yield of Holstein crossbreds under climatic conditions in Thailand was investigated, and genetic effects of heat stress on milk yield were estimated. Data included 400,738 test-day milk yield records for the first 3 parities from 25,609 Thai crossbred Holsteins between 1990 and 2008. Mean test-day milk yield ranged from 12.6 kg for cows with <87.5% Holstein genetics to 14.4 kg for cows with ≥93.7% Holstein genetics. Daily temperature and humidity data from 26 provincial weather stations were used to calculate a temperature-humidity index (THI). Test-day milk yield varied little with THI for first parity except above a THI of 82 for cows with ≥93.7% Holstein genetics. For third parity, test-day milk yield started to decline after a THI of 74 for cows with ≥87.5% Holstein genetics and declined more rapidly after a THI of 82. A repeatability test-day model with parities as correlated traits was used to estimate heat stress parameters; fixed effects included herd-test month-test year and breed groups, days in milk, calving age, and parity; random effects included 2 additive genetic effects, regular and heat stress, and 2 permanent environment, regular and heat stress. The threshold for effect of heat stress on test-day milk yield was set to a THI of 80. All variance component estimates increased with parity; the largest increases were found for effects associated with heat stress. In particular, genetic variance associated with heat stress quadrupled from first to third parity, whereas permanent environmental variance only doubled. However, permanent environmental variance for heat stress was at least 10 times larger than genetic variance. Genetic correlations among parities for additive effects without heat stress considered ranged from 0.88 to 0.96. Genetic correlations among parities for additive effects of heat stress ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, and genetic correlations between effects regular and heat stress effects ranged from −0.21 to −0.33 for individual parities. Effect of heat stress on Thai Holstein crossbreds increased greatly with parity and was especially large after a THI of 80 for cows with a high percentage of Holstein genetics (≥93.7%). Individual sensitivity to heat stress was more environmental than genetic for Thai Holstein crossbreds.     

Political economy of tobacco control in Thailand

Thailand has some of the world's strongest anti-tobacco legislation. This paper examines the political economy of tobacco control in Thailand, emphasising the identification of forces which have supported and opposed the passage of strong anti-tobacco measures. It argues that while a powerful tobacco control coalition was created in the late 1980s, the gains won by this coalition are now under threat from systematic attempts by transnational tobacco companies to strengthen their share of the Thai cigarette market. The possible privatisation of the Thailand Tobacco Monopoly could threaten the tobacco control cause, but the pro-control alliance is fighting back with a proposed Health Promotion Act which would challenge the tobacco industry with a hypothecated excise tax dedicated to health awareness campaigns.     

DRASTIC地下水脆弱性评价方法及其应用——以泰国清迈盆地为例

针对泰国清迈盆地的特点和区域特色,利用DRASTIC方法对该地区的地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价,并绘制了地下水脆弱性分区图,对清迈盆地今后制订地下水资源管理、土地利用、环境保护及城市规划等政策措施具有重要的指导作用。该方法同样适用于我国广大地区的地下水脆弱性评价。     

Power sector scenarios for Thailand: An exploratory analysis 2002–2022

Power sector scenarios for Thailand are constructed in this paper to represent the range of opportunities and constraints associated with divergent set of technical and policy options. They include Business-As-Usual (BAU), No-New-Coal (NNC), and Green Futures (GF) scenarios over a 20-year period (2002–2022). The results from the BAU scenario show that fossil fuels will continue to dominate electricity generation in Thailand during the study period. Similar results are obtained for the NNC option, although the dependence shifts from coal and oil towards natural gas-based power generation. This may represent a better environmental pathway but an all out shift from coal to natural gas is likely to increase Thailand's dependence on imported fuel, making it more vulnerable to unstable global oil and gas prices. The GF scenario offers a more optimistic route that allows the country to confront its energy security dilemma whilst fulfilling its environmental commitments by giving renewable energy technologies a prominent place in the country's power generation mix. Over the study period, our result showed little difference between the three scenarios in terms of financing new generation plants despite an early misgiving about the viability of an ambitious renewable energy programme. This paper also goes beyond the financial evaluation of each scenario to provide a comparison of the scenarios in terms of their greenhouse gas emissions together with the comparative costs of emissions reductions. Indeed, if such externalities are taken into account to determine ‘viability’, the GF scenario represents an attractive way forward for the Thai power sector.     

泰国佛教建筑遗产保护的民间力量与实践

泰国佛教建筑遗产的民间力量源于本国民众虔诚的宗教信仰、以佛寺为社区精神核心的生活习惯以及发展迅速的文化旅游经济.民间力量的主体主要有社区民众、寺庙僧侣和高等研究机构.近几年来,泰国佛教建筑遗产保护取得了突出成就,一些成功案例展示了泰国宗教文化背景下民间力量在遗产保护工作中发挥的独特作用,得到了国际的广泛赞誉.文章阐述三个遗产保护实例的概况和理念,分析各案例中民间力量的组织和实践作用,进一步总结泰国佛教建筑遗产保护的特点及启示.     

Facebook as a second screen: An influence on sport consumer satisfaction and behavioral intention

Little research has examined the use of social media as people watch live sporting telecasts—an activity that has been referred to as the second screen phenomenon. The paper proposes and tests a second screen consumer engagement model that captures the actions of Facebook users (N = 299) while watching a live sport telecast. Findings highlight the direct and indirect effect of social camaraderie, subjective norm, fan emotion and purposive needs on sport consumers’ satisfaction and behavioral intention. The behavioral intention of consumers when using Facebook as a second screen was associated with the increased likelihood of using the platform to purchase team products, make recommendations and investigate sponsors. The proposed model contributes to the emerging literature highlighting the increasing importance of social media as an interactive support channel when people watch live telecasts. The findings have practical implications for managers by providing insights and understanding of consumers when watching telecast sport. Although tested with Thai English Premier League fans, the findings will have relevance across different sports and other business sectors.     

Modelling impacts of development on water resources in the Huai Sai Bat sub-basin in north-eastern Thailand with a participatory approach

Little is done to connect hydrological modelling with stakeholder participation. This study incorporates agricultural development and climatic changes within the Water Evaluation and Planning hydrological model. This is done with a participatory approach involving four scenario workshops, 400 household surveys and two focus group discussions in the period of 2010–2012 for the ungauged Huai Sai Bat sub-basin as a case study in the Mekong region. The modelling results indicate future increased streamflow during the wet (monsoon) season in response to shifts in the regional climate. Modelled land-use and management changes brought about large unmet water demands, primarily in the dry season.     

NOTE ON THE CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS OF PENINSULAR THAILAND WITH A DESCRIPITION OF SOME CONCHOSTRACANS

After making a study of conchostracan fossils taken from the half way between Trong and Krabi on thesouthern Thailand of Malaya Penisula,the deposits bearing this fauna are thought to be Middle.Jurassic inage.Thus,it is most probably that there are two conchostracan levels found within Thailand so far.One be-longs to middle Upper Triassic by Kobayashi,and the other is ours of Middle Jurassic.     

泰国世界遗产管理的公众参与

东巴耶延山—考爱山森林保护区是泰国一处重要的世界遗产地,由5处几乎连续的国家公园或保护区组成。在该遗产地乃至泰国的其他遗产地,尽管在公众参与管理方面还存在一些问题,但总体来讲保护管理的公众参与一直受到重视。在确定公众参与的法律地位、建设示范点方面取得了一些成就。从2个方面论述了如果缺少社区参与,遗产地保护所面对的挑战,包括生物多样性保护面临的挑战,以及生活在世界遗产地中的社区所面临的挑战。未来的方向是明确以社区为基础的资源管理的可监测的协议,并更新森林和自然资源管理专业人员需要的技能。     

Effects of cross-border power trade between Laos and Thailand: Energy security and environmental implications

This paper analyzed the effects of hydropower development in Laos and power trade between Laos and Thailand on economy wide, energy resource mix, power generation capacity mix, energy system cost, environment, as well as, energy security. A MARKAL-based model for an integrated energy system of Laos and Thailand was developed to assess the effects of energy resource development and trade to meet the national energy demands of the two countries. Two national MARKAL-based energy system models of Laos and Thailand were formulated for the study. The results show that 80% exploitation of water resource in Laos would induce power trade between the countries. The integrated energy system cost is found to decrease marginally but it would mitigate the CO₂ emission by 2% when compared with the base case. Thailand is expected to gain benefit from the increased level of power imported from Laos in terms of the lower energy system cost, better environmental quality and, greater diversification of energy sources. As compared to the base case, Laos would become the net energy exporter, earn significant export revenue, and improve the increase in revenue of energy export per increase in total energy system cost from the maximum exploitation of hydropower resource.