大尺寸TiB2-Cu-Ni金属陶瓷块体的燃烧合成及准热等静压致密化

利用燃烧合成结合准热等静压 (PHIP)技术成功制备了直径为 2 40mm的大尺寸TiB2 Cu Ni金属陶瓷 ,对合成产物进行了X射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电镜 (SEM)和力学性能等实验研究。XRD结果表明反应产物中只有TiB2 和 (Cu ,Ni)两相。SEM分析发现增强相TiB2 陶瓷颗粒已经形成骨架状 ,其间为 (Cu ,Ni)基体相 ,TiB2 颗粒形貌为近等轴状 ,尺寸细小且较均匀。合成产物的致密度为 94.2 % ,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到 5 99.4MPa和12 .5 6MPa·m1/ 2 。     

TiB2/Al颗粒增强铝基复合材料颗粒分布的计算与分析

本文概述了TiB2 /Al复合材料制备过程中的颗粒分布的计算数值分析有关影响因素及理论 ,并通过实际测量和数值计算相比较 ,得出相应的结论。从定量和定性角度利用a =da/dp(晶粒与颗粒直径之比 )来说明颗粒均匀性。另外 ,介绍和分析了计算方法和影响因素的处理。结果表明 ,计算结果和实际测量吻合较好 ,对微观分析具有指导意义。     

Densification and compressive strength ofin-situ processed Ti/TiB composites by powder metallurgy

In the present study, the densification of Ti/TiB composites, the growth behavior ofin-situ formed TiB reinforcement, the effects of processing variables — such as reactant powder (TiB₂, B₄C), sintering temperature and time — on the microstructures and the mechanical properties ofin-situ processed Ti/TiB composites have been investigated. Mixtures of TiB₂ or B₄C powder with pure titanium powder were compacted and presintered at 700°C for 1 hr followed by sintering at 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300°C, respectively, for 3hrs. Some specimens were sintered at 1000°C for various times in order to study the formation behavior of TiB reinforcementin-situ formed within the pure Ti matrix. TiB reinforcements were formed through different mechanisms, such as the formation of fine TiB and the formation of coarse TiB by Ostwald ripening or the coalescence of fine TiB. There was no crystallographic relationship between TiB reinforcement and the matrix. There were voids at the interface between the TiB reinforcement and the Ti matrix due to the preferential growth of coarse TiB without a particular crystallographic relationship with pure Ti matrix and the surface energy between the Ti matrix and TiB reinforcements. Therefore, the densification of Ti/TiB₂ compacts was hindered by the preferential growth of coarse TiB reinforcements. The mechanical properties ofin-situ processed composites were evaluated by measuring the compressive yield strength at ambient and high temperatures. The compressive yield strength of thein situ processed composites was higher than that of the Ti-6A1-4V alloy. It was also found that the compressive yield strength of the composite made from TiB₂ reactant powder was higher than that of the composite made from B₄C at the same volume fraction of reinforcement. A crack path examination suggested that the bonding nature of interface between matrix and reinforcement made from TiB₂ reactant powder was better than that made from B₄C.     

固溶处理对TiB2/7050Al复合材料组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对TiB₂/7050Al复合材料组织与性能的影响规律。结果表明,TiB₂/7050Al复合材料内的可溶性第二相主要为MgZn₂(η相)、AlZnMgCu(T相)和Al₂CuMg(S相)。η相在470℃已完全溶解,T相在476℃开始溶解,S相在491℃下可完全溶解。随固溶温度的升高,复合材料的强度整体呈上升趋势,但伸长率先增加后降低。在480℃固溶时,复合材料同时具备高强度和高塑性,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为658 MPa、719 MPa和11.3%;继续升高固溶温度至490℃,虽然可使铝基体内残余S相完全溶解,但也使基体再结晶晶粒异常长大,降低了复合材料的塑性。     

微量硼元素添加对Ti6Al4V-xB组织及性能的影响

采用高真空非自耗熔炼及吸铸方法制备不同硼含量的Ti6Al4V-xB(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.5,质量分数,%)合金,将合金在900℃下进行2 h保温退火。研究了不同微量硼元素添加对Ti6Al4V-xB的铸造显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,微量硼元素的添加影响了钛合金高温形核过程,在固-液前沿富集B元素阻碍初始β-Ti长大,有效细化钛合金晶粒,当硼含量超过0.1%时,则有TiB相的析出。Ti6Al4V-xB合金的强度极限随硼含量的增加单调上升,由893 MPa变为966 MPa,这是细晶强化和析出强化共同作用的结果;合金的塑性则是先升高后降低,Ti6Al4V-0.05B的塑性提高了15%,而Ti6Al4V-0.1B与Ti6Al4V-0.5B的塑性则降低了50%,是因为析出脆性的Ti B相,形成脆性断裂敏感带。     

轴向超声振动辅助铣削TiB2/7050Al复合材料残余应力试验研究

针对TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料可加工性差、切削温度高、刀具磨损严重等问题,开展TiB2/7050Al复合材料轴向超声振动辅助铣削残余应力试验,研究各加工参数对超声振动辅助铣削表面及亚表层残余应力的影响规律,并分析力热耦合作用对超声振动辅助铣削残余应力的作用机制。研究表明:TiB2/7050Al复合材料超声振动辅助铣削表面残余应力均为残余压应力,且残余压应力随每齿进给量、切削速度的增加而减小,而随着切削深度及超声频率的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;工件亚表层残余应力影响层厚度为90~120μm,且未观测到明显的加工硬化现象。     

Hot Deformation Behaviors in Ti-6Al-4V/(TiB + TiC) Composites

Thermal compression testing was investigated using the Gleeble 3800 thermal simulator,and thermal deformation behavior of particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) was studied under deformation temperatures of 750-900 ℃,strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1,and experimental deformation of 60％.According to obtained flow stress curves,the hot deformation characteristics were analyzed.Based on the Arrhenius hyperbolic sinusoidal model,the constitutive equation at high tempera-ture was established.Based on the theory of dynamic material models,a hot processing map of TMCs at high temperature was established,and the peak region of power dissipation rate and the instability region in the hot processing map were both determined.At the same time,the corresponding microstructures in the peak power dissipation rate and rheological instability regions were observed.The results showed that flow stress decreased with increasing deformation temperature and increased with increasing strain rate.The thermal deformation activation energy of titanium matrix composites was 301.8 kJ/mol.The Ti-6Al-4V/(TiB + TiC) composites possessed only one instability zone under high-temperature compression at a strain of 0.5,with corresponding temperatures at 750-840 ℃ and strain rates at 0.1-1 s-1.The optimal thermal deformation parameters included corresponding temperatures of 830-880 ℃ and strain rates of 0.001-0.05 s-1.The microstructures corresponding to optimal hot working parameters in processing maps were more homogeneous than the microstructures in the instability zone,including the distribution uniformity of reinforcement and the degree of dynamic recrystallization,and no instability phenomena including abnormal grain growth,microcracks or intensive fracture of reinforcements were found,indicating that the hot processing map had a positive guiding effect on the option of desirable material thermal-working parameters.     

Effect of B4C on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast TiB＋TiC/TC4 Composites

Different additions of B4C were introduced into TC4 to alter the microstructure and mechanical properties.The morphologies of reinforcements are related to the solidification paths.The refinement of lamellar spacing k is based on the precipitation pattern of b-phases.Microhardness,compression elastic modulus(Ec),and elastic modulus of the matrix(Em)appear non-linear relationships with B4C additions.Due to the refinement of lamellar spacing with Hall–Petch-type relationships,and the solution strengthening of C on the a + b matrix,the effect of reinforcements on the mechanical properties will be more efficient when the additions of B4C are no more than 0.19 wt%.When the additions of B4C are more than 0.19 wt%,the efficiency will decrease.     

TiB_2-ZrB_2/Ni涂层电极点焊镀锌钢板失效过程分析

目的了解TiB_2-ZrB_2/Ni涂层电极点焊镀锌钢板时的失效机理。方法通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度测试等表征方法,研究TiB_2-ZrB_2/Ni涂层点焊电极点焊镀锌钢板时表面结构、物相及性能的变化。结果 TiB_2-ZrB_2/Ni涂层电极对提高点焊电极寿命有很大帮助,点焊电极寿命可提高5倍左右。涂层使点焊电极表面的硬度得以明显提高,减缓了点焊电极端部塑性变形的进程。ZrB_2-TiB_2/Ni涂层在一定程度上减缓了钢板镀层与点焊电极产生合金化反应的进程。结论 ZrB_2-TiB_2/Ni涂层电极由于具有一定的塑性,点焊过程中涂层不会出现完全脱落现象。涂层作用一直持续至电极失效,电极失效的形式主要表现为塑性变形。     

TiB_2基陶瓷材料的研发进展与展望

二硼化钛(TiB2)的综合性能优异,熔点和硬度高,热稳定性与抗氧化性能好,作为优异的硬质相在复合材料、金属陶瓷等新材料领域被公认为极具推广价值和应用前景的高新技术材料,受到科研人员的高度关注.该文从TiB2基复合材料和TiB2基金属陶瓷两个方面进行综合评述,重点介绍近年来TiB2基金属陶瓷和TiB2复合材料的研究现状和水平,展示其制备思路和良好性能;并且特别指出其发展方向将包括选择合适的复合材料体系,探索合适的复合工艺,寻找合适的中间化合物,开发性能优异的复合型粘结剂和进一步降低生产成本.深信,随着新材料的设计和制备技术的发展,TiB2的应用必将越来越广泛.