L’enfance du Pli (The Fold’s Childhood)— A Sculpture-Landscape Design in Meyrin of Geneva,Switzerland

Increased efficiency in the design and construction of standardization is often accompanied by a loss of perception of the site. L’enfance du Pli (The Fold’s Childhood) is a sculpturelandscape, monumental and elongated in Boudines, Geneva. In a form of interpretating the force that spawned landscapes of the Jura Massif (Jura folds), the project challenges the principle of modern architecture and responds to the ignorance of the pre-existing landscape that presided over the realization of the Meyrin Park.     

分子沉积(MD)膜表面形貌的测量及影响因素

利用原子力显微镜 (AFM)考察了单层磺化酞菁铜 (CuTsPc)MD膜硅表面随载荷和扫描速率变化的盒维数 ,对单层CuTsPcMD膜硅表面进行了表面形貌的测量 ,并分析了形貌信息中的摩擦力信息对表面形貌信号的影响。结果表明 ,单层CuTsPcMD膜硅表面具有较好的分形几何特性 ,分形是表面的固有属性 ;不同类型的硅表面具有的盒维数基本不变。表面形貌的信息里包含的摩擦力信息是表面形貌测量中的重要影响因素 ,载荷和扫描速率通过影响摩擦力对表面形貌的测量产生影响 ,但载荷影响程度不大 ,且没有较明显的规律 ;扫描速率增加能引起表面粗糙度和表面高度的降低。     

Mapping of non-planar surfaces and film conformality by alpha-particle energy loss spectroscopy

A method of mapping 3D periodic structures in the micron- and submicron range is presented. The method consists of implanting alpha-emitting nuclei close to the surface and measuring the emerging alpha-particles at various directions. Information about surface topography is then obtained from the number of alphas that are observed directly by the detector. Measuring the shift in energy due to deposition of overlayers permits the analysis of the conformality of films deposited on complex periodic structures. Typical applications include the characterization of gratings in semiconductor layers fabricated during the production of laser structures and of quantum wires. An experimental example for periodic V-grooves etched in GaAs is shown.     

Study on methods to optimize laser-sharpening quality,efficiency and topography

This paper aims to improve bond surface smoothness, sharpening quality and efficiency as well as control grain protrusion height. Systematic research was performed on pulsed fiber laser sharpening of a coarse-grained bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheel. The results show that bond surface smoothness is related to the laser spot overlap ratio U_c and the laser scan track overlap ratio U_l. In the range 10–70%, an increase in U_c and U_l improved the sharpened bond surface smoothness. Sharpening quality and efficiency are both related to laser power density I_p. In the range 2.115–6.344 × 10⁷ W cm⁻², an increase in I_p gradually improved sharpening efficiency, but the sharpening quality trend initially improved followed by a subsequent decline. The grain protrusion height is related to the laser scan cycles N. An excessively small N will result in an insufficient chip space such that the grinding wheel is likely blocked. Grains will likely fall off due to an insufficient holding force if N is excessively large. Compared with silicon carbide grinding wheel sharpening, a pulsed laser-sharpened grinding wheel exhibits less surface grain fall-off, better grain height uniformity, more chip space around the grain and superior grinding wheel surface topography.     

Effect of the initial stage of film growth on device performance of organic transistors based on dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT)

The initial stage of organic film growth is considered to be vital for the carrier transport in organic thin-film transistors with bottom gate configuration. The same topographies of 40 nm dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) films on para-sexiphenyl (p-6P) monolayer and bare SiO₂ exhibited quite different field-effect mobilities, 1.9 and 0.1 cm²/V s, respectively. The further investigation indicated there were different growth behaviors at their initial stages of film growth. Column islands with high density were observed on SiO₂, while lamina islands on p-6P monolayer due to the good diffusion ability and their good epitaxial relationship. The latter is beneficial to obtain high quality film with less boundaries and defects. The work demonstrated that the initial stage of film growth is an important factor to determine the device performance of organic transistors, which is significant to improve the device fabrication and optimize the device performance.     

Modeling the Effect of Topography on Wind Flow Using a Combined Numerical–Neural Network Approach

The impact of topography on design wind speed is addressed in current building codes and design standards by providing “speed-up” ratios for limited cases of terrain geometries. This paper proposes a combined numerical–neural network (NN) approach to provide speed-up ratios for a wide range of topographic features such as single and multiple hills, escarpments, and valleys. In this approach learning data required by the NN is generated via a detailed numerical approach based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Use of the developed model only requires simple geometrical input such as slope, height, and ground roughness while producing results of comparable accuracy to complex numerical evaluations. This combined CFD-NN approach not only produces data for new cases but also conveys the results of complex CFD simulations to the engineering profession (end user). Results compare well with an independent set of experimental data demonstrating the feasibility of the CFD-NN approach to generate data to apply wind design load provisions to buildings with upstream complex terrain.     

PREFERENTIAL SPUTTERING OF Cu76Ni15Sn9

ＰＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＬ　ＳＰＵＴＴＥＲＩＮＧ　ＯＦＣｕ_（７６）Ｎｉ_（１５）Ｓｎ_９ＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｘｉａｌ（王震遐）；ＰａｎＪｉｓｈｅｎｇ（潘冀生）；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｐｉｎｇ（章骥平）（ＣＣＡＳＴ（ＷｏｒｌｄＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ），Ｐ．Ｏ．Ｂｏｘ８?..     

Three-dimensional thin film and droplet flows over and past surface features with complex physics

This paper describes, in the main, the benefits of using a general Newton globally convergent solver within an adaptive multigrid framework for solving discretised forms of lubrication models of three-dimensional, free-surface flow over and/or past substrate topography, involving complex physics. The two illustrative gravity-driven problems considered address solute mixing in a continuous thin film flow and droplet migration down an inclined substrate. The computational price paid for the flexibility offered by the solver is investigated alongside the overall benefits of adaptive local mesh refinement and multigridding.     

Limitations on maximum tree density using hyperspatial remote sensing and environmental gradient analysis

We present a novel approach for performing environmental gradient analysis to address the question: is maximum potential tree density in eastern Lake Tahoe Basin, NV limited by water, temperature/energetic constraints, or both? To address this question we fuse continuous tree density estimates derived from hyperspatial remote sensing imagery (pixels smaller than trees) with two topographically derived environmental gradients: elevation and yearly potential relative radiation (PRR). We based our analysis on the maximum tree density found in each of over 200 environmental gradient combinations found with our area of interest, drawing from a dataset consisting of over 300,000 30 m plots and over 3 million individual trees. At a given elevation, sites in which maximum tree density increases as a function of increasing yearly PRR were considered to be temperature or energy limited. Conversely, sites in which maximum tree density decreased as a function of increasing yearly PRR were considered water limited. We found that eastern Lake Tahoe appears to be a landscape which is both water limited (at lower elevation and brighter, south-facing slopes) and temperature/energy limited (at higher elevations and darker, north-facing slopes). We discuss how fusing accurate and ecologically relevant remote sensing outputs with direct and indirect continuous microclimate surfaces can provide a powerful tool for addressing major questions of tree distributions and life history parameters.