平板闸门流激振动效应对启门力的影响

为探究流激振动对闸门启闭力的影响机理,通过对固定的上、下游水位和底缘形式的平板闸门进行流固耦合分析,结果表明引起闸门振动的激振力和由闸门振动位移产生的摩擦系数和摩擦力臂的变化是造成启闭力变化的主要原因。在前人统计的闸门振动较大的不利开度的基础上,利用波形合成法以及振动理论提出作用于闸门面板上的激振力的计算公式,并考虑其对闸门启门摩擦系数、摩擦力臂以及启门摩擦力的影响,总结出流激振动效应下平板闸门启门力的计算方法。通过与石泉水电站中孔平板闸门启门力实测资料对比发现,理论计算的结果与实际工程的实测值吻合良好,可为实际工程的启闭力计算提供一定的科学依据。     

Deep mine cooling,a case for Northern Ontario:Part Ⅰ

Cooling energy needs,for mines in Northern Ontario,are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation.Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature,mining operations and climatic conditions.A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined,for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock,taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature.The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold.In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground,to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why cooling cannot be focussed solely at surface.     

Numerical simulations of failure behavior around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression

Pre-existing discontinuities change the mechanical properties of rock masses,and further influence failure behavior around an underground opening.In present study,the failure behavior in both Inner and Outer zones around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression was investigated through numerical simulations.First,the micro parameters of the PFC^3D model were carefully calibrated using the macro mechanical properties determined in physical experiments implemented on jointed rock models.Then,a parametrical study was undertaken of the effect of stress condition,joint dip angle and joint persistency.Under low initial stress,the confining stress improves the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock masses;while under high initial stress,the surrounding rock mass failed immediately following excavation.At small dip angles the cracks around the circular opening developed generally outwards in a step-path failure pattern;whereas,at high dip angles the surrounding rock mass failed in an instantaneous intact rock failure pattern.Moreover,the stability of the rock mass around the circular opening deteriorated significantly with increasing joint persistency.     

Strategic mining options optimization:Open pit mining,underground mining or both

Near-surface deposits that extend to considerable depths are often amenable to both open pit mining and/or underground mining. This paper investigates the strategy of mining options for an orebody using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) optimization framework. The MILP formulation maximizes the Net Present Value(NPV) of the reserve when extracted with(i) open pit mining,(ii) underground mining, and(iii) concurrent open pit and underground mining. Comparatively, implementing open pit mining generates a higher NPV than underground mining. However considering the investment required for these mining options, underground mining generates a better return on investment than open pit mining. Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.     

Determination of volumetric changes at an underground stone mine: a photogrammetry case study

Photogrammetry, as a tool for monitoring underground mine deformation, is an alternative to traditional point measurement devices, and may be capable of accurate measurements in situations where technologies such as laser scanning are unsuited, undesired, or cost-prohibitive. An underground limestone mine in Ohio is used as a test case for monitoring of structurally unstable pillars. Seven pillars were photographed over in a 63 day period, punctuated by four visits. Using photogrammetry, point clouds of the mine geometry were obtained and triangulation surfaces were generated to determine volumes of change over time. Pillar spalling in the range of 0.29–4.03 m³ of rock on individual rib faces was detected. Isolated incidents of rock expansion prior to failure, and the isolated failure of a weak shale band were also observed. Much of the pillars remained unchanged during the monitoring period, which is indicative of proper alignment in the triangulated surfaces. The photographs of some ribs were of either too poor quality or had insufficient overlap, and were not included. However, photogrammetry was successfully applied to multiple ribs in quantifying the pillar geometry change over time.     

靠自身助力实现状态转换的四连杆机构的设计

为简化传动机构的运动过程,减少机构运动时对外力的依赖,介绍一种靠四连杆某一枢轴自身产生的能量助力该机构实现状态转换的设计方法。通过在四连杆机构的一个枢轴内布置弹性扭杆,控制机构状态转换时扭杆的弹性势能存储与释放使之为机构的运动趋方向提供运动能,达到省力的目的。经过大量实践证明此技术可以普及到诸多机构状态转换的场合。     

钢管混凝土柱节点开孔后的抗压性能

通过9根钢管混凝土试件的轴心受压试验,研究在钢管混凝土结构梁柱节点处开孔对钢管混凝土柱的轴压性能的影响及在开孔处设置加强环和加劲肋的增强作用,分析了开孔形状、开孔位置及加强环和加劲肋布置方法等对钢管混凝土柱轴心性能的影响。研究结果表明:所有试件均在端部和靠近加强环处出现钢管局部鼓曲;钢管壁开孔降低了节点处钢管对混凝土的约束刚度,但由于加强环和加劲肋的增强作用,钢管壁开孔对钢管混凝土柱的轴心受压承载力影响不明显。在试验研究的基础上,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对钢管混凝土节点处开孔后的钢管混凝土柱的轴压性能进行研究,分析钢管纵、环向应力及混凝土纵向应力沿钢管混凝土柱的分布特征.     

高职“中国现当代文学”开放式教学的实践与思考

在高职院校“中国现当代文学”课程教学中,笔者用心尝试开放式教学,积极开展多媒体教学,有效组织专题研讨会,悉心安排学生参与授课,认真开展第二课堂活动等,充分利用课内外、校内外的各种资源,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养高职学生的文学感悟能力、分析能力、评判能力和创新思维能力等,尽可能地在课程教学中落实学生的主体地位,并对开放式教学的实践过程进行了反思。     

基于SWMM的节制闸影响研究

针对南水北调中线长距离输水明渠,节制闸众多,难免遇到闸门启闭过程,采用SWMM模型模拟明渠在闸门启闭过程中断面各时刻的渠段内水深、流量、流速变化情况,研究了闸门不同启闭速度和闸门不同开度下断面水力参数及水面线变化规律。结果表明闸门调节速度和开度变化越快,对渠道内水位波动影响越明显,渠道响应时间会缩短。     

On the calibration of cohesive parameters for refractories from notch opening displacements in wedge splitting tests

Cohesive elements are commonly used to describe crack propagation in heterogeneous materials with toughening mechanisms. This work aims to provide a guideline on how these fracture parameters can be calibrated using notch opening displacements (NODs) measured via digital image correlation and force data from wedge splitting tests (WSTs). Weighted finite element model updating was applied to calibrate material and boundary condition parameters in the same framework. The influence of each parameter on force and NOD data are given together with uncertainties for the calibrated parameters. Numerical results were in very good agreement in terms of splitting force, NOD, displacement and gray level residual fields. It is shown that images obtained during WSTs focusing on the crack path (i.e., hiding the loading region) can be used to drive numerical simulations and obtain cohesive parameters.