利用光反射探测流化床中颗粒的动力学行为

采用光导纤维探测了二维流化床中运动颗粒的反射光.光探头包含三根光纤,中间一根用于发射光,上、下各一根接收粒子反射光.颗粒速度由两路反射光强度的相关分析给出.测量给出的光脉冲信号幅值和宽度随颗粒反射面积的增加而增大.三种流化数下测得的颗粒上升速度范围为0.1—0.5 m/s.床中心和过渡区测得的颗粒上升速度随流化数的增大而增大.近壁区内颗粒主要显示下降运动以及偶然的上升,尤其是在流化数较大时颗粒下降运动更明显.     

基于超音速火焰喷涂技术的冷喷涂技术实现与流场分析

在KY-HVO(A)F多功能超音速火焰喷涂的基础上通过改进喷枪的设计,在喷枪的扩张段加入水实现了冷喷涂技术.进行了冷喷涂过程中焰流流场分析,得到了不同水流量条件下喷枪中气流的速度与温度分布规律.为了定量分析,得到了喷枪出口中心处气流速度与温度随加水量的变化规律.结果表明:随着加水量的增加,粒子的速度与温度都在下降.在加水量较小时,焰流的速度与温度急剧下降.当加水量大于20L/h时,随着加水量的增加,焰流的温度和速度下降较慢.依据此流场分析结果在钢基体上成功制备了功能性涂层.     

Shear Stress in Smooth Rectangular Open-Channel Flows

The average bed and sidewall shear stresses in smooth rectangular open-channel flows are determined after solving the continuity and momentum equations. The analysis shows that the shear stresses are function of three components: (1) gravitational; (2) secondary flows; and (3) interfacial shear stress. An analytical solution in terms of series expansion is obtained for the case of constant eddy viscosity without secondary currents. In comparison with laboratory measurements, it slightly overestimates the average bed shear stress measurements but underestimates the average sidewall shear stress by 17% when the width–depth ratio becomes large. A second approximation is formulated after introducing two empirical correction factors. The second approximation agrees very well (R2>0.99 and average relative error less than 6%) with experimental measurements over a wide range of width–depth ratios.     

江陵凹陷南斜坡新沟嘴组下段砂体预测和油气勘探目标

江陵凹陷北部已发现5个油田,但凹陷南斜坡是勘探薄弱地区。本文针对制约本区油气勘探的主要因素,通过地震相研究、地震层速度分析和砂体预测,结合江汉油区油田勘探实践,总结了江陵凹陷油气成藏规律,进行了油气勘探潜力评价,提出了油气勘探目标。     

基于窄带水平集的曲线演化与左心室MRI图像分割

文章研究了基于窄带水平集的曲线演化方法并应用于心脏的MRI图像分割。分析了窄带的生成技术,提出了基于模板的距离函数生成方法;针对MRI图像的特点,给出了一种分割MRI图像的水平集速度函数,以处理图像中出现的区域灰度不一致性以及弱边界现象。MRI图像的分割实验证明了该文算法的有效性。     

液压电梯的单片机控制系统的设计与研究

介绍速度反馈式液压电梯的单片机控制系统。描述系统的组成和软件设计技术。该系统具有自动采集液压电梯轿厢运行数据、控制电梯运行过程、显示运行和调试参数及输出运行曲线等功能，并配置数据库。实用结果表明：这种单片机控制系统具有较优的动、静态控制性能、温度稳定性和较强的抗干扰能力。也非常适合于流体动力控制这一类系统使用。     

Analytical modeling of material flow in equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE)

We provide analytical forms for the plastic deformation and velocity gradients associated with a single pass of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). Three cases of plastic deformation are considered: ideal simple shear, a plastic deformation zone (PDZ) in the shape of a central fan of angle β_m, and a two-part PDZ consisting of a central fan in the ‘upper’ region and a low intensity shear deformation in the ‘lower’ region. The analysis for simple shear considers a general die angle Φ, whereas the other two cases only consider Φ=90°. The tensors for deformation and velocity gradients completely describe the deformation, such as the directions and magnitudes of material stretching and rotations. From this analysis, one can calculate deformation and texture evolution. Texture evolution during flow through the central fan zone involves continuous rotation of the texture components causing the texture developed at the end of the extrusion to be rotated relative to the ideal simple shear case. The analysis of the two-part zone suggests inhomogeneity in texture evolution, in which features of the initial texture are retained and rotated in the lower region, while they are nearly erased in the upper region. These analytical flow patterns for a single pass can be repeatedly applied for any number of passes of any ECAE route.     

Velocity Distribution in the Roughness Layer of Rough-Bed Flows

Several models for the vertical distribution of the double-averaged (in time and in the plane parallel to the mean bed) longitudinal velocity in the flow region between roughness troughs and roughness tops are suggested. We found that the same model for velocity distribution may be applicable to a range of flow conditions and roughness types, which share some common features. The suggested models for velocity distribution in the near-bed region are: (1) Constant velocity; (2) exponential velocity distribution; and (3) linear velocity distribution. The measured velocity distributions may be approximated by a single model or by a combination of models depending on roughness geometry and flow conditions. The validity of these models for velocity distribution is supported by laboratory data.     

The performance characteristics of a novel multi-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter

The design of a novel multi-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter, which provides nine conventional electromagnetic flowmeters housed in a single body, has been used in adverse flow conditions immediately downstream from a header tank. The results show that careful initial calibration, in accord with the pipeline conditions recommended in international standards, enables errors of under 1% to be achieved. The results show that the two electrode planes closest to the header provide results with the greatest errors. The performance with the electrodes mounted in the vertical plane is generally better than that achieved with the electrodes mounted in the horizontal plane. Pressure measurements together with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques have been used to provide details of the magnitude of the disturbance caused to the flow field by the header and outflow combination.