Fe doping effect on EuTiO3: The magnetic properties and giant magnetocaloric effect

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect for EuTi_1-xFe_xO₃ (x = 0.05, 0.1) compounds are investigated. When a part of Ti⁴⁺ions were substituted by Fe ions, the AFM ordering can be significantly changed to be FM. The EuTi_1-xFe_xO₃ (x = 0.05, 0.1) compounds exhibit a PM to FM transition with decreasing temperature and the Curie temperature is 6 K. Under the field changes of 1 T, and RC are valued to be 10.1 J/kg K and 50.2 J/kg for EuTi_0.95Fe_0.05O₃; 9.6 J/kg K and 47.7 J/kg for EuTi_0.9Fe_0.1O₃, without magnetic and thermal hysteresis. RC is almost twice as much as EuTiO₃ (27 J/kg) as substitution of Fe³⁺ ions for Ti⁴⁺ions, which may be attributed to the magnetic transition (AFM to FM). Therefore, the giant and large RC suggest the EuTi_1-xFe_xO₃ compounds are good materials for magnetic refrigerant.     

Subsoil <Superscript>15</Superscript>N-N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O Concentrations in a Sandy Soil Profile After Application of <Superscript>15</Superscript>N-fertilizer

Studies on emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from agricultural soils mostly focus on fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere or are limited to the atmosphere in the topsoil. However, in soils with shallow water tables, significant N₂O formation may occur closer to the groundwater. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the importance of subsoil N₂O formation in a sandy soil; and (ii) to obtain a quantitative insight in the contribution of subsoil N₂O to the overall losses of N₂O to the environment. We applied ¹⁵N labeled fertilizer at a rate of 5.22 kg ¹⁵N ha⁻¹; 50% as Ca(NO₃)₂ and 50% as NH₄Cl, on a mesic typic Haplaquod seeded with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), and traced soil N₂O concentrations and fluxes over a one-year period. Throughout the year, total N₂O and the amount of ¹⁵N recovered in soil N₂O were highest in the subsoil, with a maximum concentration at 48 cm depth in mid-February of 19900 μl m⁻³ and 24 μg ¹⁵N m⁻³, respectively. The maximum concentration coincided with the highest water-filled pore space of 71%. The cumulative flux of N₂O was 446 g N₂O-N ha⁻¹, the recovery of ¹⁵N in this flux was 0.06%. During the summer, maximum fluxes followed high soil N₂O concentrations. During winter, no such relation was found. We concluded that the formation of N₂O was the highest in the subsoil, largely controlled by water-filled pore space rather than NO₃⁻ concentration or temperature. Although high subsoil N₂O concentrations did not lead to high surface fluxes of N₂O in the winter, artificial draining may lead to high indirect N₂O emissions through supersaturated drainage water.     

2H-MoS2定向调控生成1T-MoS2及应用

MoS2因其独特的二维“三明治”层状结构在电学、能源和催化等行业备受关注。由于S、Mo原子配位模式的不同，MoS2主要以1T和2H相两种形式存在。通常，1T-MoS2拥有更大的层间距和更多的催化活性位点，在许多领域都表现出了比2H-MoS2更优异的性能。通过控制2H-MoS2 中S平面的横向位移和Mo 的3d轨道电子填充状态，可以定向调控2H-MoS2生成1T-MoS2。鉴于此，综述了2H-MoS2定向调控制备1T-MoS2的研究进展，并对影响调控过程的主要因素及相应的调控方法和机理进行了详细的阐述，同时总结了1T-MoS2在析氢、电池、光和热催化领域的应用，可为1T-MoS2的定向合成与应用打下一定的基础。另外，也对 1T-MoS2在未来的实际应用前景进行了展望。     

2020年中国低碳能源中期目标解读

提出了关联能源强度ε与碳强度κ的一个新的能源经济参数—能源碳强度ω;并用以核算、澄清了中国政府宣布的2020年"节能(降低ε)"与"减排(CO2)"两个目标之间的关系.估算出了到2020年中国能源消耗为41亿吨标煤、人均2.93吨标煤、能源弹性系数0.5,二氧化碳排放量不超过76亿吨、占世界24.7%的目标数据;指出了实现这一宏伟目标的最重要途径:除快速发展非化石能源和煤的CCS利用外,就是产业转型和发展天然气冷热电联供能源系统,大幅度提高能效.     

ENSO与我国东部夏季雨型异常关系的年代际变化

利用1951-2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、CPC(气候预测中心)Nino3区海表温度序列和NOAA的ERSST资料,研究了ENSO与我国东部夏季雨型的相互关系及其年代际变化.结果表明:我国东部夏季雨型对ENSO事件的响应在1978年有一个明显的突变,在突变前,降水雨型与赤道东太平洋的海温为弱的负相关,而在突变后转为显著的正相关;滑动相关结果显示,近20 a是整个研究时段中二者相关性最强的时期;东亚夏季风和ENSO的相互关系在1978年也经历了一次明显的年代际变化,由弱的正相关转为显著的负相关.这可能是引起ENSO和夏季雨型异常关系年代际变化的原因.     

特种竹节纱的生产实践

通过改造传统的FA506细纱机,并调整纺纱工艺,纺出了在一根纱线上有2种颜色变化的特种竹节纱.传统的生产竹节纱的方法是用一根粗纱纺制,而本文中的纺制方法是将两根由不同原料制成的粗纱同时喂入,通过后续的染整加工整理,达到在一根纱上出现2个甚至更多颜色变化的效果.     

基于组织变革的企业供应链管理策略

分析了三类供应链危机的征兆,提出企业供应链管理组织变革原则,并通过利丰、富士康、沃尔玛等企业的案例,提出了不同类别供应链管理的组织变革策略.     

专家系统及常用开发语言

专家系统是人工智能的一个重要分支,是研究的热点。研究人员采用了各种各样的语言进行软件的开发。为了给研究人员寻找更加适合所开发系统的语言,介绍了专家系统的概念和结构,分析了几种常见的专家系统开发语言,比较了其优缺点,最后给出了不同专家系统的开发建议。     

变——圜道哲学观的内核

圜道即循环之道。圜道观即循环论,其认为宇宙及宇宙间万物都永恒地循着周而复始的环周运动：发生、发展、消亡。它的展开论述始见于《吕氏春秋·圜道篇》,从先秦至今,圜道思想是中国传统文化中最根本的观念形态之一,中国传统哲学一直把“循环往复”理解为圜道观的最大特点,殊不知,“变”才是其真正的思想核心。     

基于Creator的战场地形仿真研究

如何解决地形模型精细度、逼真度与仿真速度之间的矛盾是军事仿真的难点问题。本文研究了三维地形生成的关键技术,并详细阐述了利用MultiGen Creator建模工具,采用DEM数据和卫星遥感影像数据构建和优化大面积战场地形的原理和方法,最后结合实例生成战场地形。仿真结果表明,该方法生成的模型达到了精细度高、真实感强、实时性好等仿真要求。