Talbot's Epigraph in The Pencil of Nature

This study elucidates the Virgilian epigraph on the title page of the first fascicle of The Pencil of Nature, first by situating it in the context of Henry Fox Talbot's education and, secondly, by placing it in the larger setting of classical culture in Georgian and Victorian England. The article concludes that the epigraph Talbot selected for The Pencil of Nature was embedded in the classical consciousness of his public school and university educated contemporaries, while also recalling venerable chapters in the British literary heritage.     

The Catalogue of the Sale of Camille Silvy's Studio,London 1869

Abstract

During the mid-19th century, the name Lola Montez was a household word in a surprisingly wide range of circles. A London sculptor went so far as to display, in private, her bust side-by-side with that of Queen Victoria¹, and while Her Majesty's response to this gesture remained unrecorded, Lola could have drawn comfort from the fact that she herself was enjoyed and admired by large numbers of people in less exalted positions. Her status derived in the first place from her beauty, in the second place from her notoriety, the latter being by far the most potent and enduring stimulus. Photographers flocked to take her picture, not only in Europe but also in America (Figure 1), and popular journals everywhere published her likeness, either in the form of engravings or else as photographs, when that became possible. Lola thus shared with Jenny Lind the distinction of being one of the first to be made into a ‘celebrity’ directly or indirectly through the action of the camera. Lola became the inspiration for plays, novels, music and even a film².     

THE DIPLOMACY OF SECURITY: BEHIND THE NEGOTIATIONS OF ARTICLE 18 OF THE SINO-AMERICAN COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT

In early February, 1942, Commander M. E. Miles proposed the establishment of a radio intelligence unit in China. His proposal led to the creation of Naval Group China (NGC), the umbrella organization for units that performed weather forecasting, advised and trained Chinese guerillas, and intercepted and analyzed Japanese radio traffic. NGC was part of the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO). Most of the commitments of China and NGC were formalized on 15 April 1943 with the signing of the Sino-American Cooperative Agreement (SACO). Article 18 required further delicate negotiations between Miles and General Tai Li, head of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (China's secret service). Miles was soon trapped between his commitment to Tai Li and Joseph Wenger's concern that any intercepted traffic shared with the Chinese would quickly become available to the Japanese via insecure Chinese codes. Fleet Radio Unit, China (FRUCHI) resolved this dilemma.     

THE CYLINDER-CIPHER

Questions Thomas Jefferson's attributed invention of the “cylinder cipher,” notes similar devices before and after his time, and introduces a “mystery device” of this nature in the National Cryptologic Museum, Fort George G. Meade MD.     

Nineteenth-century Photography in Greece: Select Bibliography

In the mid-nineteenth century, technicians at the Austrian Royal and Imperial Court Printing Office devised the first method for mechanically reproducing nature prints: that is, prints from intaglio plates made from the impression of botanical specimens. Despite the complexity and apparent limitations of the process, Alois Auer, director of the printing office, claimed that the new process was more important than photography. This surprising claim forms the basis of the following investigation into mid-nineteenth-century photography, nature printing and the world of print-media. The race to devise a mechanical process for reproducing images led to a variety of ingenious inventions before the half-tone process fully solved the problem of rendering photographs in printers' ink near the end of the century. Only in the context of other nineteenth-century processes to reproduce images do we begin to discern the common properties of photography and nature printing.     

Inexhaustible Ambition: Two Eras of Planning in Doha,Qatar

Architects and researchers in urban design, Kelly Hutzell, Rami el Samahy and Adam Himes , reflect on how the present structure of Doha in Qatar is a result of intermittent state interventions - failures as well as successes. They explain how these sporadic initiatives manifested themselves in two main bursts of activity: 1971-86 and 1999 to the present day.     

Multi‐zone IAQ model

During the past decade, indoor air pollution emerged as an international health issue, and as a result a new field of simulation, indoor air quality analysis, is emerging. James Axley of the Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Group at NIST, formerly National Bureau of Standards at Gaithersburg, has developed an integrated set of computer‐aided tools and this paper reviews the present capabilities of the IAQ model, presents examples of its application and briefly outlines its theoretical base.     

Dualism redux in recent neuroscience: "Theory of mind" and "embodied simulation" hypotheses in light of historical debates about perception, cognition, and mind.

How do we, as humans, take in the feelings and thoughts of other people? Theory-of-Mind (ToM) and Embodied Simulation (ES) approaches hypothesize divergent neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying intersubjectivity. ToM investigators assert that humans take in the belief states and intentions of another person by holding "a theory of mind" that cognitively posits the other person's mental contents, with some experiments identifying the right temporo-parietal junction as a specific ToM brain region. ES theorists hypothesize that humans perceive the other's state of mind by simulating his/her actions, emotions, and goals in the "mirror neuron system" in the brain. A historical review suggests these understandings rely on opposing, dualist models of cognition and perception. William James's intervention on this earlier debate is informative in anticipating recent findings in low-level sensory neuroscience. Of specific interest are studies showing that intersubjectivity and low-level sensory attentional filtering are both processed in the same cortical area (the temporo-parietal junction) suggesting that the ability to entertain other minds may be related to the ability to perceive salient stimuli during attention-demanding tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

William R. Safarjan: Award for Distinguished Contributions to Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice.

Announces William R. Safarjan as the recipient of the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice for 2002. A biographical statement is included, along with major works and contributions for the field. Safarjan received this award for his dedication and strong commitment to advancing psychology as a vehicle for improving the quality of life. Through his legislative advocacy, he helped transform the practice of psychology in California by enabling psychologists in public service to join medical staffs and become principal providers of care. He also spearheaded legislation that stopped the proliferation of regionally unaccredited schools of psychology, thereby bringing California in line with model standards. He serves nationally as an expert witness in practice litigation and has advanced litigation against the egregious practices of managed care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Tough Minded and the Tender Minded: A Pragmatic Turn for Sustainable Development Planning and Policy

Among the many approaches being taken to sustainable development planning and policy, a basic dichotomy exists. The dichotomy is the classic one recognized over a century ago by pragmatist philosopher William James—between the tough minded and the tender minded, or in this case, those who trust in more and better information to address sustainability challenges and those who rest on the power of a plurality of voices. In this paper we demonstrate how this dichotomy confounds the construction of a holistic, actionable sustainability planning paradigm, frustrating in pragmatic terms the effort to develop sustainability planning that makes a difference. We argue for an approach to sustainable development grounded in the philosophy of pragmatism as a means to connect tough and tender minded perspectives on sustainability planning, policy and action. After detailing how tough and tender minded temperaments among sustainability advocates translate into different types of understandings and initiatives, a pragmatic framework for a holistic sustainability planning and policy suite is proposed. This framework is argued based on an understanding of pragmatic theories of truth and rationality, integration and a process basis for action, and human experience as a touchstone for public values and action priorities. This article contributes to the growing body of planning scholarship that draws upon pragmatic philosophy, connecting this with the growing body of work within environmental philosophy that highlights the utility of pragmatism in building a philosophy of sustainable development. If planners and members of the democratic public can work towards a common understanding that it is a process of continuous communication and interaction among citizens and experts that needs to be sustained in the push toward sustainable development, that knowledge is to be generated and tested in public contexts, and that stories have standing alongside scientific models and statistics, important moves toward sustainability can be made in the planning profession as a whole.