Geometrically Nonlinear Buffeting Response of a Cable-Stayed Bridge

A geometrically nonlinear buffeting analysis of a cable-stayed bridge in the time domain is described. The bridge structure is modeled with three-dimensional thin-walled beam elements and three-dimensional elastic catenary cable elements. Spatially correlated wind velocity fluctuations are modeled and simulated using an algorithm for generating sample functions of a stationary, multivariate stochastic process according to its prescribed cross-spectral density matrix. Aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness are formulated based on experimentally determined flutter derivatives. The focus of this paper is on the effect of fluctuating components of the spatially correlated wind velocity on the geometrically nonlinear buffeting response for an 870 m cable-stayed bridge.     

Postbuckling of Axially Loaded Functionally Graded Cylindrical Panels with Piezoelectric Actuators in Thermal Environments

A compressive postbuckling analysis is presented for a functionally graded cylindrical panel with piezoelectric actuators subjected to the combined action of mechanical, electrical, and thermal loads. The temperature field considered is assumed to be of uniform distribution over the panel surface and through the panel thickness and the electric field considers only the transverse component EZ. The material properties of the presently considered functionally graded materials (FGMs) are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents, whereas the material properties of the piezoelectric layers are assumed to be independent of the temperature and the electric field. The governing equations are based on a higher-order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán-Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity. A boundary layer theory for shell buckling is extended to the case of hybrid FGM cylindrical panels of finite length. The nonlinear prebuckling deformations and initial geometric imperfections of the panel are both taken into account. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the compressive postbuckling behavior of perfect and imperfect FGM cylindrical panels with fully covered piezoelectric actuators, under different sets of thermal and electrical loading conditions. The effects due to temperature rise, volume fraction distribution, applied voltages, panel geometric parameters, in-plane boundary conditions, as well as initial geometric imperfections are studied.     

Modeling Concrete Masonry Walls Subjected to Explosive Loads

Concrete masonry unit walls subjected to blast pressure were analyzed with the finite element method, with the goal of developing a computationally efficient and accurate model. Wall behavior can be grouped into three modes of failure, which correspond to three ranges of blast pressures. Computational results were compared to high-speed video images and debris velocities obtained from experimental data. A parametric analysis was conducted to determine the sensitivity of computed results to critical modeling values. It was found that the model has the ability to replicate experimental results with good agreement. However, it was also found that, without knowledge of actual material properties of the specific wall to be modeled, computational results are not reliable predictors of wall behavior.     

Improved Anaerobic Process Efficiency Using Mesophilic and Thermophilic Elutriated Phased Treatment

An innovative anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) has been evaluated at mesophilic (M-ADEPT) (35°C) and thermophilic (T-ADEPT) (55°C) temperatures in which the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased until reactor failure (pH<5.5). Single-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at both temperatures were also operated as controls (M-CSTR for 35°C and T-CSTR for 55°C). The T-CSTR failed at an OLR of 7.4 g volatile solid (VS)/L?day and the M-CSTR at an OLR of 10 g VS/L?day while the M-ADEPT continued until an OLR of 18 g VS/L?day and the T-ADEPT reached an OLR of 24 g VS/L?day before system failure. The T-CSTR produced the poorest effluent quality as manifested by high propionate concentrations (1,500–2,500 mg/L) while both M-ADEPT and T-ADEPT produced much better quality of effluent with propionate concentrations below 100 mg/L. Thus it appears that the T-ADEPT design may solve effluent quality problems associated with normally high propionate concentrations produced during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Superior effluent quality, reduced reactor volume requirements, more stable methanogenesis due to the extended solids retention time, and uncoupling of the methanogen wasting from the refractory sludge wasting process resulted in stable and efficient processing at both temperatures for the innovative ADEPT design. Because the higher amounts of volatile fatty acids produced in the acid elutriation phase of the ADEPT system can be a favorable carbon source for biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants, this positive aspect should be considered in future applications of the ADEPT system.     

Design Strategies for Piled Rafts Subjected to Nonuniform Vertical Loading

The piled raft is a geotechnical composite construction, consisting of the three elements piles, raft, and soil, which is applied for the foundation of tall buildings in an increasing number. In a parametric study, 259 different piled raft configurations have been analyzed by means of three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element analyses. In the study, the pile positions, the pile number, the pile length, and the raft-soil stiffness ratio as well as the load distribution on the raft has been varied. In the scope of this paper, the results of the parametric study are presented and design strategies for an optimized design of piled rafts subjected to nonuniform vertical loading are discussed.     

Dynamic asymmetrical instability of elastic–plastic beams

Dynamic instability of elastic–plastic beam is investigated by employing a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DoF) beam model. Especially, asymmetrical instability induced by symmetrical load is discussed. The asymmetrical instability is considered as a second-order buckling mode. Four types of perturbations, i.e., geometrical misalignment, material property mismatch, unsymmetry of applied load and disturbance of boundary conditions, are introduced to activate the asymmetrical responses. The asymmetrical response is characterized by a modal participation factor α₂ which corresponds to an asymmetrical mode shape. Phase plane trajectories and Poincaré map are used to illustrate the chaotic characteristics of the beam response. Results show that if the perturbations are small enough, the perturbation type has negligible influence on the critical load for the occurrence of the asymmetrical instability, which implies that the asymmetrical instability is an intrinsic feature of the beam system. However, with the increase of the magnitude of the perturbations, the influence of the asymmetrical vibration is expanded to a large extension of loading parameter.     

超大型船舶变截面梁分段模型的载荷试验研究

为了验证船体弹性效应对波浪载荷的影响,在拖曳水池进行了某超大型高速船舶的分段模型试验.介绍了分段模型的设计原则,并改进了传统的分段模型,采用变截面梁对船体刚度进行模拟,分析了不同航速与模型分段数量对总弯矩响应中高频和低频成分的影响,并对极限海况下规则波和不规则波中的弯矩响应进行分析,发现了颤振现象,计算了颤振响应在总弯矩中所占的比重.最后,分别依据刚体理论、线性与非线性水弹性理论对该船的波浪载荷进行了预报,通过比较发现刚体和线性水弹性计算结果与低频弯矩吻合很好,而非线性计算结果与总弯矩吻合更好.     

水平轴风力发电机塔架计算机辅助设计与分析

要给出了水平轴风力发电机塔架的设计依据,利用有限元方法对塔架进行了分析,理论计算结果和实验结论相符,建立了桁式塔架结构优化的数学模型,提出了该优化问题的分步求解的方法     

Dynamic characteristics of the coupled system of footbridge and human

The influence of human body on dynamic characteristics of footbridge was analyzed. A realistic footbridge was measured during a mass event. A simulation experiment system including a simple beam as object and a shaker as back ground excitation was built. The acceleration responses of beam were measured when person in static and active stated stood on the beam. The dynamic parameters of the structure were identified by the time-domain approach and verified by theoretical and laboratory tests. The results showed that for the human-structure coupled system,nature frequency of the structure decreased and damping increased. Moreover,the increase of damping with passive person was bigger than that with active person.     

双向载荷对半椭圆表面裂纹J积分的影响

利用三维弹塑性有限元, 计算了双向载荷下半椭圆表面裂纹不同路径Ｊ积分值, 并与单向载荷Ｊ积分值作了比较, 结果表明： 双向应力下Ｊ积分的守恒性不如单向应力下Ｊ积分的守恒性, 且半椭圆表面裂纹表面点Ｊ积分的近似守恒性较表面裂纹最深点处Ｊ积分的路径无关性好许多, 表面裂纹的最深点处Ｊ积分路径无关性已很难保证