Some concerns regarding the CAT16 chromatic adaptation transform

In recent literature, a new chromatic adaptation transform, CAT16, has been published to improve upon the widely used CAT02 model. The CAT16 model is based on the form of the CAT02 transform adopted in CIECAM02, but uses a slightly different sensor space to fix some gamut problems plaguing CIECAM02 and adopts a two-step CAT to ensure symmetry and transitivity. CAT16 is included in CAM16 but is also being promoted as a stand-alone CAT, one that can be used outside of the CAM16 model. However, the use of CAT16 as a stand-alone model can cause inconsistencies in the calculated corresponding colors due to the presence of the relative luminance of the adapting white (Y_w) in the von Kries-Ives gain control factors. Such inconsistencies are not present for the stand-alone version of the CAT02 model, which, unlike the version adopted in CIECAM02, does not include the Y_w factors. CAT16 should therefore be modified by omitting the Y_w factors. In this article, we will briefly discuss these issues in more detail and provide a consistent two-step CAT adopting the CAT16 sensor space.     

Investigation on effects of adapting chromaticities and luminance on color appearance on computer displays using memory colors

CAT02, the most widely used chromatic adaptation transform to characterize the chromatic adaptation mechanism in the human visual system, includes a factor D to characterize the degree of chromatic adaptation. This factor, however, is only determined by the luminance level of the adapting field and surround. This study was designed to investigate how the change of adapting chromaticities and the simultaneous changes of adapting chromaticities and luminance affect the degree of chromatic adaptation and color appearance on computer displays. The human observers adjusted the color appearance of various familiar objects and cubes on different display backgrounds. A higher degree of chromatic adaptation was found when using familiar objects, which was likely due to the cognitive mechanism. Both the adapting chromaticities and luminance significantly affected the degree of chromatic adaptation, with a lower degree under an adapting condition with a lower adapting correlated color temperature and a lower adapting luminance. In addition, the effect of adapting luminance on colorfulness (known as the Hunt Effect) was likely to be overpredicted in CAM02-UCS, which merits further investigations.     

Modelling of chromatic contrast for retrieval of wallpaper images

Colour remains one of the key factors in presenting an object and, consequently, has been widely applied in retrieval of images based on their visual contents. However, a colour appearance changes with the change of viewing surroundings, the phenomenon that has not been paid attention yet while performing colour‐based image retrieval. To comprehend this effect, in this article, a chromatic contrast model, CAMcc, is developed for the application of retrieval of colour intensive images, cementing the gap that most of existing colour models lack to fill by taking simultaneous colour contrast into account. Subsequently, the model is applied to the retrieval task on a collection of museum wallpapers of colour‐rich images. In comparison with current popular colour models including CIECAM02, HSI and RGB, with respect to both foreground and background colours, CAMcc appears to outperform the others with retrieved results being closer to query images. In addition, CAMcc focuses more on foreground colours, especially by maintaining the balance between both foreground and background colours, while the rest of existing models take on dominant colours that are perceived the most, usually background tones. Significantly, the contribution of the investigation lies in not only the improvement of the accuracy of colour‐based image retrieval but also the development of colour contrast model that warrants an important place in colour and computer vision theory, leading to deciphering the insight of this age‐old topic of chromatic contrast in colour science. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 361–373, 2015     

A simple estimation method for effective adaptation coefficient

A method was proposed in a previous article (CRA, 22, 240–258, 1997) to estimate the state of incomplete adaptation by using the effective chromatic adaptation coefficient α_min. The method could be applied to any experiment on chromatic adaptation using object-color or luminous-color stimuli, but its computational procedure was rather tedious. For this reason, the two simple methods, Methods I and II, are proposed to give the approximate estimates of α_min. Method I uses the corresponding reference color under reference illuminant to a test achromatic color under test illuminant. Method II uses the two kinds of relation equations between test adapting luminance and α_min. The estimates of α_min by each of the two methods agree fairly well with those given in the previous article to the three experiments studied. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 22, 259–268, 1997     

甲型肝炎病毒(H2株)快速适应变异株全基因序列分析

目的 探索甲型肝炎病毒（Ｈ２株）细胞适应的分于机制。方法 将甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗毒株（ＨＡＶ Ｈ２Ｋ７）在人胚肺二倍体细胞ＫＭＢ１７上快速连续传代增强适应（１４ｄ）,检测连续传代后抗原滴度和感染性滴度,测定 第１８代（ＨＡＶ Ｈ２Ｋ７Ｐ１８）全基因组序列。结果 适应至第１８代抗原滴度达１：５１２,感染性滴度为７．５ＬｏｇＣＣＩＤ５０／ｍｌ。 整个基因组出现了１０个核苷酸突变,变异卒为０．１３％,变异较大区域位于５’末端非编码区（５’ＵＴＰ）,有３个核苷酸 变异。编码区７个交变,２个是无义突变,５个有义突变导致５个氨基酸变化,分别位于 ＶＰ２ Ａ－Ｓ;２Ｃ,Ｑ－Ｐ;３Ａ,Ｒ－ Ｃ;３Ｃ,Ｔ－Ａ和３Ｄ,Ｖ－Ｇ。结论 ＨＡＶ Ｈ２Ｋ７４因组５’ＵＴＲ、２Ｃ区、３Ａ区、３Ｃ区和３Ｄ区变异协同作用促进在 ＫＭＢ１７ 细胞上快速增强适应。     

A DYNAMIC,ADAPTIVE, LOCALLY CONSERVATIVE,AND NONCONFORMING SOLUTION STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

A family of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are formulated and applied to chemical engineering problems. They are the four primal discontinuous Galerkin schemes for space discretization: symmetric interior penalty Galerkin, Oden-Babu?ka-Baumann DG formulation, nonsymmetric interior penalty Galerkin, and incomplete interior penalty Galerkin. Numerical examples of DG to solve typical chemical engineering problems, including a diffusion-convection-reaction system in a catalytic particle, a problem of heat transfer in a fixed bed, and flow and contaminant transport simulations in porous media, are presented. This article highlights the substantial advantages of DG on adaptive mesh modification over traditional methods. In particular, we propose and investigate the dynamic mesh modification strategy for DG guided by mathematically sound a posteriori error estimators.     

驯化树干毕赤酵母发酵产乙醇的研究

以玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破液为底物培养基,通过逐步提浓的方式对树干毕赤酵母菌株（Pichiastipitis）NLP23进行耐抑制物驯化,驯化后的菌株对汽爆液中甲酸和乙酸等抑制物的耐受能力可分别达到2．70g／L和3．54g／L,较出发菌株分别提高253．40％和277．80％。在含有57．34g/L木糖和13．84g／L葡萄糖的汽爆液中发酵42h,糖利用率和乙醇得率可达到97．89％和65．83％,乙醇质量浓度为21．56g/L,同时生成4．16g/l木糖醇。玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破液中含有多种抑制酵母生长和发酵的有毒物质,主要是甲酸、乙酸、乙酰丙酸、糠醛和羟甲基糠醛,其中甲酸和乙酸含量较高,是影响树干毕赤酵母NLP23发酵汽爆液的主要抑制物。     

基于自监督任务的多源无监督域适应法

针对多源聚合下同时对齐域不变特征较困难而造成分类精度不高的问题, 提出基于自监督任务的多源无监督域适应法. 该方法引入旋转、水平翻转和位置预测3个自监督辅助任务, 通过伪标签性、语义信息的一致性对无标签数据进行自适应的对齐优化. 构建新的优化损失函数, 减少多域公共类别的分类差异. 针对类别不均衡的问题, 基于少样本大权重的原则, 定义动态权重参数, 提高模型的分类性能. 在公开的Office-31、Office-Caltech10 2种基准数据集上, 与现有的主流方法进行实验对比. 实验结果表明, 在类别均衡、不均衡2种情况下, 分类精度最高可以提高6.8%.     

A reliable modifier-adaptation strategy for real-time optimization

In model-based real-time optimization, plant-model mismatch can be handled by applying bias- and gradient-corrections to the cost and constraint functions in an iterative optimization procedure. One of the major challenges in practice is the estimation of the plant gradients from noisy measurement data, in particular for several optimization variables. In this paper we propose a new real-time optimization scheme that explores the inherent smoothness of the plant mapping to enable a reliable optimization. The idea here is to combine the quadratic approximation approach used in derivative-free optimization techniques with the iterative gradient-modification optimization scheme. The convergence of the scheme is analyzed. Simulation studies for the optimization of a ten-variable synthetic example and a reactor benchmark problem with considerable plant-model mismatch show its promising performance.