一种高强度双组分拼板胶PVAc乳液的制备

以聚乙烯醇为保护胶,配合乳化剂,将混合单体采用半连续乳液聚合法滴加制备一种高强度双组分拼板胶用聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液。研究了pH缓冲剂、聚乙烯醇、主单体和功能单体的种类及用量对乳液稳定性和耐水性等的影响。结果表明,NaHCO_3可保乳液聚合反应平稳,提高单体转化率和贮存稳定性;疏水型软单体叔碳酸乙烯酯的引入,可以有效地改善胶膜的柔韧性并提高乳液的固化速度、耐水性;适量甲基丙烯酸甲酯可明显降黏并改善乳液的施工便捷性;甲基丙烯酸和羟乙基丙稀酸酯的引入,可以改善乳液冻融稳定性和耐水强度的同时,还能调节拼板胶的使用期。     

硼杂碳包镍负载钯催化芳香醇需氧氧化

以硼杂碳包镍(Ni@BC)为载体,采用乙醇还原前驱体H_2PdCl_4法制备了一种新型磁可分离Pd/Ni@BC催化剂,并对其进行AAS、TEM、XRD和XPS表征,选取苯甲醇需氧氧化为探针反应,考察催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对催化性能的影响,研究催化剂对其他芳香醇的催化性能和循环使用性能。AAS结果表明,Pd负载质量分数为9.1%,与理论负载量一致。TEM结果显示,Pd纳米颗粒均匀分散在载体表面,平均粒径为4 nm。XRD和XPS结果均表明,催化剂的活性物种为Pd0。在反应温度80℃、O2_压力101.325 k Pa(流速20 m L·min~(-1))、CH_3CN为溶剂和K_2CO_3为碱性助剂条件下,Pd/Ni@BC对多种芳香醇的氧化反应表现出很高的催化活性和选择性,能将苯甲醇、对甲基苯甲醇、对乙基苯甲醇、对异丙基苯甲醇、肉桂醇、安息香、二苯甲醇以及邻甲基苯甲醇等定量转化为相应的醛或酮。催化剂重复使用5次,苯甲醇转化率由97.3%降至78.9%,Pd的少量脱落和部分氧化是催化剂活性降低的主要原因。     

Extraction of Phospholipids from Egg Yolk Flakes Using Aqueous Alcohols

Two alcohols, ethanol and butanol, with different water contents were evaluated for phospholipids (PL) sequential extraction from drum dried egg yolk flakes. It showed that butanol was more effective in extracting total yolk lipids compared to ethanol, but the PL in the extract had the same concentration as in the original yolk total lipid. The use of aqueous ethanol of 95 and 75% resulted in lipid extracts with higher PL concentration during the initial stages of the sequential extraction. When ethanol was further diluted to a concentration of 55%, the solvent lost its PL extraction ability, and the total lipid recovery also decreased dramatically. When both the PL purity and recovery were considered, 75% ethanol was the most effective aqueous alcohol for PL extraction and enrichment from the yolk flakes. In the first stage of extraction using such a solvent, 67% of the total PL in the original yolk was recovered in a lipid fraction with a PL purity of 75%. This study identified the optimal ethanol concentration for PL extraction from dried egg yolk. With this information, the best solid:solvent ratio can be designed to extract and enrich the polar lipids from lipid-bearing materials with known moisture content using a renewable or “green” solvent, ethanol.     

Influences of Functionalized Nanoclays on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composites by Twin-Screw Extruder

Polyvinyl alcohol-based nanocomposites filled with different weight percentage of functionalized nanoclays were prepared by melt processing with a twin-screw extruder. The effective incorporation of amine-modified bentonite nanoclays in the PVA matrix leads to the increase in thermal stability, stress–strain properties. The effect of the addition of functionalized nanoclays in PVA matrix exhibits intercalated nanocomposite structure. The thermal decomposition (T_d) temperature of the composites increases up to 30°C, than pristine PVA. The morphology influences were studied by TEM. These clay nanocomposite films could be useful for wound dressing material and for enhancing the moisture absorbance properties.     

PVA缩甲醛胶液耐低温性研究

在ＰＶＡ与甲醛反应凝胶之前终止反应，可取得较大缩醛度，并降低了胶冻的温度，提高了高浓度ＰＶＡ缩甲醛胶液的耐低温性。     

K+与PVA协同作用对膨胀土水化膨胀的抑制作用

从晶层膨胀与渗透膨胀的微观角度分析了膨胀土的水化膨胀机理,在此基础上提出了以抑制水化膨胀和减少环境负担为目的的K+与聚乙烯醇(PVA)合成剂。通过自由膨胀率试验、颗分试验与水化崩解试验证实K+与PVA能产生协同抑制作用,可有效降低膨胀土的自由膨胀率、改善其粒度成分并提高其水稳性,而0.6%的PVA溶液与7%KCl溶液组合被认为是一种经济合理的配比选择。     

聚乙烯醇改性水泥砂浆的断裂性能

通过三点弯曲法测试了聚乙烯醇(PVA)改性水泥砂浆的断裂性能,采用双K断裂模型分析了PVA掺量对改性水泥砂浆断裂参数的影响.结果表明:PVA改性水泥砂浆的裂缝口张开位移和裂缝尖端张开位移均随PVA掺量的增加而增大;当PVA掺量为1.0%(质量分数)时,改性水泥砂浆具有最佳失稳断裂韧度和起裂断裂韧度,较普通水泥砂浆分别提高38.31%和40.82%;PVA改性水泥砂浆的各项断裂参数均与PVA掺量呈二次抛物曲线变化规律.     

谈市政道路工程建设中含水量测定方法的选择

介绍了市政道路工程建设中含水量测定的方法,对酒精燃烧法与烘干法进行了比较,阐述了酒精燃烧法测定含水量在施工现场的应用,最后探讨了试验室含水量检测方法的选择,强调了施工单位与检测单位应保证检测方法的一致性。