Discrete Modeling and Suggested Measurement of Heat Transfer in Gas-Solids Flows

This article presents a two-dimensional transient model for gas-solids flow and heat transfer through pipes using the coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method approach. Numerical simulations have been conducted to examine the modification of fluid thermal structure due to the presence of particles in a pneumatic transport pipeline. Modeled results have demonstrated the key role of transversal motion of rebounding particles in the pipe cross section in altering fluid temperature. Further implementation of this modeling technique in air-drying processes is discussed and possible experimental methods for the measurement of in situ particle and fluid motion and temperature profile are cited.     

The thermal ignition of lignocellulosics in infinite slab and cubic geometries

Wood shaving samples were heated in both cubic baskets and in a previously described system realising the conditions of the ‘infinite slab’ in thermal ignition. Results from the two sets of experiment were found to be totally consistent with each other.     

The influence of NaCl and CO2 on the atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91

The influence of NaCl and CO₂ on the atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91 is studied in the laboratory. Samples were exposed under carefully controlled air and flow conditions; the relative humidity was 95%, the temperature was 22.0°C and the concentration of CO₂ was < 1 ppm or 350 ppm. Different amounts of sodium chloride (0–70 μg/cm²) were added before exposure. The corrosion products were analyzed by gravimetry, ion chromatography, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mass gain and metal loss results are reported. The combination of high humidity and NaCl is very corrosive towards AZ91. However, the NaCl‐induced corrosion is inhibited by ambient concentrations of CO₂. Exposure in the absence of CO₂ gives rise to heavy pitting, with brucite, Mg(OH)₂, being the dominant corrosion product. In the presence of CO₂ a layer of hydrated magnesium hydroxy carbonate, Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂ · 5 H₂O forms. A tentative corrosion mechanism is presented that explains the behavior in the two environments.     

Sicherer und wirtschaftlicher Betrieb von Kraftwerken – Ergebnis der Forschung im Bereich Werkstoffe,Auslegung und Instandhaltung

Safe and Economic Operation of Power Plants – Research Results in the Field of Materials, Design and Maintenance Components of power plants which undergo high temperatures are subjected to complex loading situations. The requirements on the used materials result from the special operation conditions of the plants and have to be adjusted to the steadily growing requirements on higher efficiency of the complete power plant as well as to those of safe and economic operation. The expenses for control and downtimes are directly connected with economic efficiency and availability. However, in case of new procedures or components it is not possible to revert to the existing know‐how. Different failure mechanisms than known before can occur. The same goes for the load situation. Therefore the knowledge base has to be extended to in‐advance or even parallely running scientific examinations that life assessment and maintenance strategies can be applied which guarantee the operational reliability and the efficiency of the plant. The main emphasis of these F&E works has to be put on condition monitoring based on actual operational data, the standard materials’ and component’s behaviour (deformation, damage and failure behaviour) in connection with design of components and the related material laws. In the framework of applied AVIF projects, following problems are handled:. – qualification of materials by determinating parameters related to practise. – optimal design of components by making available material laws and numerical tools. – economic manufacturing of components by qualifying processing methods such as welding. – The results can be transferred to concepts for safe and economic operation of power plants, especially for newly introduced materials for which there is no operational experience available.     

马鞍山煤矿瓦斯地质理论在防突工作中的应用

总结了实际工作中防突管理的经验和问题 ,探讨了科学理论与具体实际的有机结合与统一 ,采取针对性强的有效措施 ,确保突出矿井的安全生产     

Dental amalgam – the effect of the technology of alloy powder preparation on the corrosion behaviour and the release of mercury

Dental amalgams are based on a broad spectrum of materials differing in their chemical composition, metallurgical treatment, and in the way the initial alloys powders are prepared. In addition to their chemical composition, amalgams based on various powders differ in both their microstructure and the amount of mercury needed for preparation. All these facts may affect electrochemical processes occurring during their interaction with oral fluids, and also mercury release. While verifying the effect of the technology used for the preparation of the high‐copper ternary alloy powder on the properties of resulting amalgams, this study aimed at the mechanism of their interaction with a model saliva solution as well as mercury release was included. Measurements were done in a model saliva solution using standard electrochemical methods and exposition measurements. The interaction of individual types of amalgams with artificial saliva did not reveal any significant differences. The free corrosion potential of all these amalgams in an aerated solution settled in the range of values in which tin oxidation, resulting in a layer of insoluble corrosion producsts, turned out to be the dominant anodic process. The rate of mercury release was the lowest for amalgams based on a gas‐atomized alloy. The highest rate of mercury release, and also its dependence on time, was exhibited by lathe‐cut powder based amalgam. In addition to different volume fraction of the Ag‐Hg phase and the level of its tin alloying, this different behaviour may be explained by differences in the rate at which a layer of tin corrosion products acting as a barrier to mercury release is formed.     

The hydrogenation of triglycerides using supported alloy catalysts. I. Silica-supported Ni—Ag catalysts

Silica-supported Ni-Ag catalysts with a loading of 2·1·0.6% (w/w) total metal have been prepared using the precursors nickel dimethylglyoxime and silver nitrate by means of a simple impregnation method. The resulting catalysts were activated by calcination at 260°C in air, followed by hydrogen reduction at 450°C. They were then employed for soyabean oil hydrogenation at 1 bar H2 pressure and 160°C in a stirred batch reactor. Characterisation of the catalysts using temperature-programmed reduction and electron microscopy indicated that alloying of nickel and silver had occurred, but metal particle composition, for a given overall composition, varied with metal particle size and smaller metal particles were nickel rich. The hydrogenation activity and selectivity measurements revealed that the catalysts were more active and selective than a commercial nickel catalyst. Furthermore, the specific activities of the alloy catalysts were a maximum for alloys in the range 70–90 at. % Ni. However, the supported alloy catalysts also gave rise to greater trans isomerisation than the commercial catalyst. This is attributed to hydrogen deficiency caused by large triglyceride molecules blocking hydrogen chemisorption on small nickel particles (10–50 Å in diameter), leading to enhanced cis-trans isomerisation.     

关于加强国土资源管理的思考

全文围绕树立和落实科学发展观这一主题 ,研究和探索如何在新时期、新阶段进一步做好国土资源管理工作的新思路、新途径和新方法。提出要进一步加强国土资源宏观管理 ,更好地为甘肃省经济社会的协调、可持续发展提供保障服务。     

艺术建筑设计的探索

通过徐州一中艺术楼的设计实践，寻求优美而独特的艺术形象，并用纯几何形体的组合来达到功能与形式的完美统一。