基于五轴转台红外目标/干扰模拟器的实施方案

基于五轴转台的红外制导武器半实物仿真系统,以目标 /干扰环境成像质量好、光能利用率高、目标视线误差小为特色,是红外半实物仿真领域的佳作。而基于五轴转台红外目标 /干扰模拟器的轻质量和抗震动、抗冲击性能,是其中的关键。本文介绍了基于五轴转台红外目标 /干扰模拟器的实施方案, 系统设计过程中为减轻其质量采取的一系列重要的措施,以及系统误差源的分析和误差的分配原则。     

糯扎渡水电站工程开发任务与投资分摊研究

糯扎渡水电站工程以发电为主，兼有下游景洪市的城市、农田防洪及改善航运等综合利用任务。根据相关法规，综合利用枢纽工程投资应在各受益部门之间进行分摊。糯扎渡工程的主要受益者是发电部门，其次是防洪部门，航运、旅游等部门的效益处于从属地位，故工程枢纽投资仅考虑在发电、防洪两部门间进行分摊。根据糯扎渡枢纽工程的实际情况，采用可分离投资费用—剩余效益法、库容比例法和效益现值法进行投资分摊研究，提出了投资分摊建议。     

Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago de Chile

Santiago de Chile, São Paulo and Mexico City are Latin American urban areas that suffer from heavy air pollution. In order to study air pollution in Santiago area, an aerosol source apportionment study was designed to measure ambient aerosol composition and size distribution for two downtown sampling sites in Santiago. The aerosol monitoring stations were operated in Gotuzo and Las Condes during July and August 1996. The study employed stacked filter units (SFU) for aerosol sampling, collecting fine mode aerosol (dp<2 μm) and coarse mode aerosol (210 mass of particles smaller than 10 μm) and black carbon concentration were also measured. Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) was used to measure the concentration of 22 trace elements at levels below 0.5 ng m⁻³. Quantitative aerosol source apportionment was performed using Absolute Principal Factor Analysis (APFA). Very high aerosol concentrations were observed (up to 400 μg/m³ PM₁₀). The main aerosol particle sources in Santiago are resuspended soil dust and traffic emissions. Coarse particles account for 63% of PM₁₀ aerosol in Gotuzo and 53% in Las Condes. A major part of this component is resuspended soil dust. In the fine fraction, resuspended soil dust accounts for 15% of fine mass, and the aerosols associated with transportation activities account for a high 64% of the fine particle mass. Sulfate particle is an important component of the aerosol in Santiago, mainly originating from gas-to-particle conversion from SO₂. In the Gotuzo site, sulfates are the highest aerosol component, accounting for 64.5% of fine mass. Direct traffic emissions are generally mixed with resuspended soil dust. It is difficult to separate the two components, because the soil dust in downtown Santiago is contaminated with Pb, Br, Cl, and other heavy metals that are also tracers for traffic emissions. Residual oil combustion is observed, with the presence of V, S and Ni. An aerosol components from industrial emissions is also present, with the presence of several heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and others. A factor with molybdenum, arsenic, copper and sulfur was observed frequently, and it results from emissions of copper smelters.     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow of Mount Nanshan,Xinjiang

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in snow samples collected from Mount Nanshan (Xinjiang, China) was investigated for eight stations. Fourteen PAHs were detected in these samples. The total PAH concentration ranged from 70.15 ng/L to 155.67 ng/L, with an average of 113.02 ng/L. Human carcinogens, such as fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3‐cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene in snow were assessed based on risk quotient. Preliminary assessment showed that these PAHs posed a moderate risk. Component analysis showed that the PAHs found in the snow samples were mainly three‐ring PAHs, which comprised 34.51–90.81% of the total PAHs. Phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene accounted for 35.08, 11.90 and 11.13% of the total PAHs, respectively. The ΣPAH content increased with the increasing altitude, and the highest concentration of 155.67 ng/L was observed in snow samples from the N7 station, which was located near the top of the mountain. This high PAH concentration in N7 was possibly due to more frequent human activities in the area and long‐distance transportation of PAHs. Isomer ratios were used to determine the possible sources of PAHs in the samples. The results indicate that coal and biomass combustion made a larger contribution than emissions from petroleum consumption. It is therefore of utmost importance to develop new fuels taking the place of coal and to achieve as complete as possible for the burning of carbon‐containing materials.     

Evaluation of chemical indicators for tracking and apportionment of phosphorus sources to Table Rock Lake in Southwest Missouri, USA

This work evaluated the suitability of selected chemical species as indicators for tracking and apportionment of point and non-point phosphorus sources within the Table Rock Lake watershed in Southwest Missouri, USA. The species were evaluated with respect to their uniqueness to specific source types, their ability to be detected in both sources and receiving waters, and the consistency of their concentration ratios to phosphorus. Four sampling events were conducted at 15 sample locations in one year to collect water samples for measuring the concentrations of total and dissolved phosphorus, seven anions, and 19 major and trace elements. Current analytical methods were sensitive enough for quantification of most of the chemical species in both sources and the receiving waterbody. Due to the high seasonal variation of phosphorus concentrations in source samples, no chemical species had consistent concentration ratios to phosphorus across source types. However, several chemicals were found to be unique to specific sources; bromide ion can be used as a unique indicator for the effluent of the largest wastewater treatment plant in the watershed.     

泰州市大气挥发性有机物化学组分特征、活性及来源解析

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是臭氧和大气颗粒物的重要前体物,本研究利用在线气相色谱-质谱仪（Online-GC-MS）于2018年5—6月对江苏省泰州市大气中98种VOCs进行监测,依据监测结果对泰州市大气VOCs的组成特征、日变化趋势进行分析,对醛酮类VOCs数据进行参数化拟合探究其一次二次贡献,并采用正矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）对VOCs数据进行来源分析,用最大增量反应活性（MIR）计算臭氧生成潜势（OFP）.研究结果表明：泰州市大气VOCs中烷烃占比最高,其次为醛酮;烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃和芳香烃浓度日变化趋势明显,特征相近;参数化方法表明醛类物质主要来自于二次生成,而酮类物质主要来自一次排放;PMF模型结果表明泰州市VOCs的主要贡献源分别为机动车排放、油气溶剂挥发、生物质燃烧、其他工业和天然源;OFP的主要贡献物种为烯烃类,占比34.18%.研究结果表明,控制工业排放和溶剂使用是泰州市大气污染物控制的重点.     

Composition of the Council of Representatives: Report on apportionment ballot.

Presents a report by the American Psychological Association Committee on Structure and Function of Council on the annual apportionment ballot. The annual apportionment ballot to determine the composition of Council for 1976 showed no major changes from the ballot of the previous year. The greatest change in any one unit's number of seats was two. The total number of Council members, as a result of the apportionment ballot, increased from 106 in 1975 to 108 in 1976, To this is added the 12 members of the Board of Directors to bring the overall total for 1976 to 120. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Composition of the Council of Representatives: Report on the apportionment ballot for representation year 1982.

Beginning with the 1973 legislative year, the size of the Council of Representatives was fixed at approximately 115 members, including the Board of Directors and APA officers. The purpose was to reduce the size of Council and to place a ceiling on the total number of Council members possible. Table 1 presents the number of Council seats held by divisions and the number held by state associations and coalitions for the period 1966-1982. It shows that since its inception, the present system has reduced and generally stabilized the number of Council representatives. The voting pattern has remained relatively constant since the adoption of the present apportionment system. In conjunction with the new system, the Council established a continuing committee called the Committee on Structure and Function of Council. Among other activities, this committee monitors the annual apportionment ballot and reports the results to Council. The results of the 1982 Council apportionment ballot are shown in Table 2. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Source apportionment of PM2.5 in urban area of Hong Kong

A monitoring program for PM(2.5) had been performed at two urban monitoring stations in Hong Kong from November 2000 to February 2001 and June 2001 to August 2001. PM(2.5) samples were collected once every 6 days at PolyU and KT stations with the sampling duration of 24-h. A sum of 25 chemical species in PM(2.5) were determined and selected for receptor models. Enrichment factors relative to earth crust abundances were evaluated and it was noted that most crustal elements including Al, Ti, Mg, Ca and K have small enrichment factors. Correlation and multivariate analysis technique, such as principal components analysis (PCA)/absolute principal components analysis (APCA) and cluster analysis (CA) are used for source apportionment to identify the possible sources of PM(2.5) and to determine their contribution. Six factors at each site were isolated by using PCA/APCA and cluster analysis. Similar sources (crustal matter, automobile emission, diesel emission, secondary aerosols, tire wear, and non-ferrous smelter) are identified by the PCA/APCA and cluster analysis.     

基于源解析法的大气中PAHs污染排污收费模型

为降低人类面临的健康威胁和多环芳烃污染的致癌风险,规避生产企业的生产及排放行为,通过源解析技术,确定大气中多环芳烃类污染物来源的排放企业类型,并应用二层规划的系统优化理论,给出价格控制下的排污收费二层规划模型.模型中上层决策单位是政府（环境保护部门）,下层决策单位是产生有毒有害污染物的生产企业.在某种程度上,该模型解决...