基于爱因斯坦制冷循环的单压系统改进的研究

综述了爱因斯坦单压吸收式制冷循环装置的发展历程和研究现状,针对其中的不足提出一种改进型单压吸收式制冷装置,通过对该系统建立热力学模型,应用P-T方程和P-R混合规则模拟出系统中正丁烷-氨、氨-水工质组的相平衡参数曲线,和各状态点的状态点的初始参数,探究了蒸发温度、冷凝温度、发生温度等因素对系统性能的影响。模拟结果表明:系统COP及制冷量随蒸发温度的升高而增加,随着冷凝温度升高而降低,系统COP呈下降趋势,冷凝温度上限为48℃;当发生温度在100~120℃范围变化时,系统COP随发生温度升高而增加。相对而言,系统COP对发生温度的变化最敏感,发生温度次之,再次是冷凝温度。模拟结果为后续试验台搭建提供了理论参考。     

Coupling CoFe2O4 and SnS2 nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance electromagnetic wave absorber

The reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/CoFe₂O₄/SnS₂ composites have been successfully synthesized by two-step hydrothermal processes. TEM results show that CoFe₂O₄ and SnS₂ nanoparticles with both diameters about 5–10 nm are well dispersed on the surface of graphene. Compared with RGO/CoFe₂O₄ composites, the as-prepared RGO/CoFe₂O₄/SnS₂ composites exhibit excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties in terms of both the maximum reflection loss and the absorption bandwidth. The maximum reflection loss of RGO/CoFe₂O₄/SnS₂ composites is −54.4 dB at 16.5 GHz with thickness of only 1.6 mm and the absorption bandwidth with the reflection loss below −10 dB is up to 12.0 GHz (from 6.0 to 18.0 GHz) with a thickness in the range of 1.5–4.0 mm. And especially, they cover the whole X band (8.0–12.0 GHz), which could be used for military radar and direct broadcast satellite (DBS).     

High electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of activated hollow carbon fibers decorated with CNTs and Ni nanoparticles

Activated hollow carbon fibers (ACHFs) decorated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nickel nanoparticles (CNTs–Ni–ACHFs) were prepared by thermal reduction and chemical vapor deposition technique. Microwave reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of CNTs–Ni–ACHFs composites as novel electromagnetic wave absorbents were studied in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. It was demonstrated that CNTs–Ni–ACHFs absorbents possessed the best microwave absorbing performances whose minimum reflection loss was −43.457 dB at 13.10 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm, which is much better than those of Ni–ACHFs and ACHFs samples. The dielectric polarizations and magnetic loss derived from the effect of the porous structures, Ni nanoparticles, and defects in the CNTs–Ni–ACHFs composites are playing an important role for the excellent microwave absorbing performances.     

Identification of Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 as the Major Isozyme Responsible for the Glucuronidation of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol in Human Liver Microsomes

20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), one of the representative aglycones of ginsenosides, has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Although phase I metabolism has been investigated extensively, information regarding phase II metabolism of this compound remains to be elucidated. Here, a glucuronidated metabolite of PPD in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and rat liver microsomes (RLMs) was unambiguously identified as PPD-3-O-β-d-glucuronide by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical inhibition and recombinant human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms assay showed that the PPD glucuronidation was mainly catalyzed by UGT1A4 in HLM, whereas UGT1A3 showed weak catalytic activity. In conclusion, PPD-3-O-β-d-glucuronide was first identified as the principal glucuronidation metabolite of PPD in HLMs, which was catalyzed by UGT1A4.     

弹簧指数对镍钛合金弹簧缓冲吸能能力的影响

形状记忆合金(SMAs)弹簧具有大应变可逆变形能力,在吸能缓冲和振动控制等领域具有重要应用潜力。本工作研究了弹簧结构设计对镍钛SMAs性能的影响规律。采用冷拉拔和退火相结合的方法制备直径1.2mm的Ti-52.5at%Ni合金丝,并通过室温下芯轴绕制成型和高温退火相结合的方式制备弹簧指数C分别为6.0、7.7和9.3的弹簧,通过测试合金丝和弹簧的超弹性曲线研究弹簧结构的吸能性能。研究表明,基于弹簧的超弹性变形过程,室温(298K)下3类弹簧在120 mm的最大位移幅值下单位体积吸能分别为4618、2225和1143 kJ/m³,弹簧指数C为6.0的弹簧吸能能力最优。318K下,弹簧处于完全奥氏体态,弹簧指数C为6.0的弹簧单位体积吸能(6662kJ/m³)是同等载荷(47 N)条件下合金丝(34.7 kJ/m³)的192倍。同等条件下,弹簧结构具有比合金丝优异的吸能能力。因此,超弹性SMAs弹簧在缓冲减振结构上具有良好的应用前景。     

Sn1- x Sm x O2 微纳米纤维的红外发射率与激光吸收性能：实验研究与第一性原理仿真

采用静电纺丝法结合热处理工艺制备了Sn_1-xSm_xO₂(x=0%,8%,16%,24%,质量分数,下同)微纳米纤维,表征了产物的物相、形貌、激光吸收性能和红外发射率,同时基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对比分析了Sn_1-xSm_xO₂(x=0%,16%)的相关光电性质,进一步从电子结构角度解释了Sm³⁺掺杂对SnO₂红外发射率和激光吸收的作用机理。结果表明：经600℃煅烧后,Sn_1-xSm_xO₂均为单一金红石型结构,呈现出良好的纤维形貌,纤维相互交错,形成无规则三维网状结构,且各元素在纤维上分布均匀。随着Sm³⁺掺杂量的增大,产物在1064和1550 nm处的反射率逐渐降低,红外发射率先减小后增大。当x=16%时,在1064 nm处的反射率为53.9%,在1550nm处的反射率为38.5%,在8-14μm波段的红外发射率为0.749...     

基于双磁介质层复合的超材料低频吸波体研究

本研究将磁性吸波涂层融入至超材料的结构设计中,得到了一种新型低频复合超材料吸波体,吸波体由环形电阻膜、双层磁性吸波涂层和金属背板组成。采用CST仿真软件计算了超材料吸波体的吸收性能,研究了吸波体各个结构参数对吸收性能的影响。仿真结果表明,设计的超材料吸波体厚度为2.5 mm时,在1.9和4 GHz处存在2个吸收峰,在1.59～6.59GHz频率范围内反射损耗低于-8dB,吸收带宽达到5GHz。通过吸波体电磁场分布对吸波机理进行了讨论。结果表明,吸波体低频吸收带宽的增加是由于表面的电阻膜图案改变了超材料吸波体的电场分布和磁场分布,促进了磁介质层的损耗。最后制备了吸波体样品并进行了反射率测试,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,说明设计制备的吸波体具有优异的低频吸波性能,吸波带宽相比磁性吸波涂层大幅提高。     

第二相对Zr-Sn-Nb系锆合金吸氢性能的影响

对两种新型Zr-Sn-Nb系锆合金(SZA-4和SZA-6)管材在电解渗氢条件下的吸氢性能及机制进行了研究。结果表明,在供货状态下,SZA-4锆合金管材的吸氢倾向高于SZA-6锆合金管材,但经过完全再结晶退火处理后发现,SZA-4锆合金管材的吸氢倾向降低,而SZA-6锆合金管材的吸氢倾向增加,并且SZA-6锆合金管材的吸氢倾向反而高于SZA-4锆合金管材。与传统Zr-4合金管材相比,完全再结晶退火态的SZA-4和SZA-6锆合金管材在电解渗氢条件下的吸氢倾向均高于Zr-4合金管材。SZA-4和SZA-6锆合金管材吸氢倾向的变化与其内部析出的第二相有关。大量fcc结构的(Zr,Nb)2Fe第二相析出是导致完全再结晶退火态SZA-6锆合金吸氢倾向增加的主要原因。