卫城油田卫11块影响剩余油分布的主要因素

针对卫城油田卫11块地质特点,从影响剩余油分布的因素分析入手,研究原始地质因素,包括构造、储层沉积的非均质性、流体性质等对剩余油分布的影响;研究人为因素,包括对构造的认识程度、开发过程中开发井网系统部署的合理性、注采平衡情况、压力平衡情况、后期调整井部署情况、采用的采油工艺技术适应性等对剩余油分布的影响。揭示了不同类型剩余油形成的原因,指出了剩余油空间展布规律,为调整挖潜剩余油提供了依据。     

苏里格低渗强非均质性气田开发技术对策探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田储集层具有低渗、强非均质性、中强压敏的特点，气井产能低，稳产期短。根据单井模拟及生产动态分析，气井低产量生产可以降低压敏效应的影响，加强气井低产量生产阶段的管理，有利于合理利用地层能量，提高井控外围低渗区储量动用程度；分层压裂、多层合采可以在纵向上充分动用气井控制储量，增加气井最终累计产气量和稳产时间；地质研究与地震相结合，是提高储集层预测精度和钻井成功率的技术关键；降低成本，争取优惠政策也是提高经济效益的有效途径。     

非均质岩石破裂及声发射演化数值模拟

在应变软化本构模型的基础上,考虑岩石材料非均质性和损伤过程中力学性质的弱化特性,建立了非均质岩石损伤软化本构模型,推导了损伤软化本构模型的差分格式,在VC++环境下实现了损伤软化本构模型在FLAC3D中的二次开发。研究了不同均质度对岩石变形强度等力学特性的影响,以及岩石破坏过程中的声发射演化特性。研究表明：随着岩石均质度的增高,岩石的破坏过程由延性向脆性转化,岩石峰值强度和峰值应变不断增大,而残余强度降低;当岩石均质度较低时,岩石破坏剪切带的形成会发生滞后,随着均质度的增加,单轴加载条件下岩石声发射体现出由强度低、频率高向强度高、频率低转化的特性,并表现出群震型、前震—主震—余震型和主震型3种典型模式。     

Molecular Framework of Mouse Endothelial Cell Dysfunction during Inflammation: A Proteomics Approach

A key aspect of cytokine-induced changes as observed in sepsis is the dysregulated activation of endothelial cells (ECs), initiating a cascade of inflammatory signaling leading to leukocyte adhesion/migration and organ damage. The therapeutic targeting of ECs has been hampered by concerns regarding organ-specific EC heterogeneity and their response to inflammation. Using in vitro and in silico analysis, we present a comprehensive analysis of the proteomic changes in mouse lung, liver and kidney ECs following exposure to a clinically relevant cocktail of proinflammatory cytokines. Mouse lung, liver and kidney ECs were incubated with TNF-α/IL-1β/IFN-γ for 4 or 24 h to model the cytokine-induced changes. Quantitative label-free global proteomics and bioinformatic analysis performed on the ECs provide a molecular framework for the EC response to inflammatory stimuli over time and organ-specific differences. Gene Ontology and PANTHER analysis suggest why some organs are more susceptible to inflammation early on, and show that, as inflammation progresses, some protein expression patterns become more uniform while additional organ-specific proteins are expressed. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the molecular changes involved in the EC response to inflammation and can support the development of drugs targeting ECs within different organs. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD031804).     

The effects of catalyst surface heterogeneity on the fischer-tropsch synthesis

We find that the surface energetic heterogeneity of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts is either not important kinetically or may be masked by the effect of increasing molecular size, so that the classical Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution is routinely observed in product distributions. The anomalous yields of C₁ and C₂ observed in many cases may also be due to surface heterogeneity but can in practice be readily, and more conveniently, accounted for by assigning individual rate constants to their formation. The “break” sometimes observed in ASF distributions cannot be explained by surface heterogeneity and is best explained by the presence of two distinct modes of product formation.     

Stochastic Spatial Heterogeneity in Activities of H+-ATP-Ases in Electrically Connected Plant Cells Decreases Threshold for Cooling-Induced Electrical Responses

H⁺-ATP-ases, which support proton efflux through the plasma membrane, are key molecular transporters for electrogenesis in cells of higher plants. Initial activities of the transporters can influence the thresholds of generation of electrical responses induced by stressors and modify other parameters of these responses. Previously, it was theoretically shown that the stochastic heterogeneity of individual cell thresholds for electrical responses in a system of electrically connected neuronal cells can decrease the total threshold of the system (“diversity-induced resonance”, DIR). In the current work, we tested a hypothesis about decreasing the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses in a system of electrically connected plant cells with increasing stochastic spatial heterogeny in the initial activities of H⁺-ATP-ases in these cells. A two-dimensional model of the system of electrically connected excitable cells (simple imitation of plant leaf), which was based on a model previously developed in our works, was used for the present investigation. Simulation showed that increasing dispersion in the distribution of initial activities of H⁺-ATP-ases between cells decreased the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses. In addition, the increasing weakly influenced the amplitudes of electrical responses. Additional analysis showed two different mechanisms of the revealed effect. The increasing spatial heterogeneity in activities of H⁺-ATP-ases induced a weak positive shift of the membrane potential at rest. The shift decreased the threshold of electrical response generation. However, the decreased threshold induced by increasing the H⁺-ATP-ase activity heterogeneity was also observed after the elimination of the positive shift. The result showed that the “DIR-like” mechanism also participated in the revealed effect. Finally, we showed that the standard deviation of the membrane potentials before the induction of action potentials could be used for the estimation of thresholds of cooling-induced plant electrical responses. Thus, spatial heterogeneity in the initial activities of H⁺-ATP-ases can be a new regulatory mechanism influencing the generation of electrical responses in plants under actions of stressors.     

基于滑模的运载器主动段俯仰通道姿控系统设计

与传统比例-积分-微分（PID）控制方法相比,滑模控制（SMC）方法可以比较容易地将不确定性纳入控制器设计中,从而增强系统的鲁棒性。探索了SMC技术在运载器主动段姿态控制中的工程应用,首先通过分析基于趋近律的SMC系统,提出了降低不连续切换项系数的需求,然后研究了基于干扰上界的SMC方法。三通道小偏差仿真结果验证了两种方法的控制效果,表明第2种控制器的鲁棒性更好,稳态误差小,同时发动机喷管摆角需求较小。     

基于Google Earth的三维飞行仿真系统设计

提出了一种利用Google Earth二次开发能力实现飞机六自由度飞行仿真的方法,使用KML语言描述了地景中的三维参考航线和飞行姿态,将Google SketchUp建立的飞机三维模型导入到Google Earth中,通过面向对象的编程思想,利用Microsoft VC++6.0对Google Earth进行控制,实现仿真系统的人机交互功能;系统采用B/S结构,客户端采用Google Earth浏览器,全部开发都在服务器端;系统运行结果表明:该系统可逼真地模拟飞机飞行;系统还可以用于三维航迹研究分析、实时航迹监视等,具有广阔的开发前景。     

基于直线稀疏光流场的微小型无人机姿态信息估计方法研究

针对无人飞行器视觉导航系统的需求,提出一种基于直线稀疏光流场的微小型无人机姿态信息估计方法。研究了图像直线稀疏光流场的概念,并推导出该种稀疏光流场的计算方法;在直线稀疏光流场的基础上,建立了地平线投影模型,并提出一种基于直线稀疏光流场的飞行器俯仰角速度、滚转角速度和偏航角速度等姿态信息的估计方法;分别使用文中提出的直线稀疏光流场的计算方法和Horn算法对一组测试图像进行数值仿真,仿真结果显示在图像边缘附近,直线稀疏光流场的计算方法与经典的Horn算法具有相近的精度,但时间开销减小到后者的6%;使用无人机航拍图像序列对于基于直线稀疏光流场的飞行器姿态信息算法进行离线仿真,并对比同时搭载的角速度陀螺的测量结果,结果显示,使用文中所述的基于直线稀疏光流场的无人机姿态提取方法可以估计飞行器的俯仰、偏航、滚转三通道角速度信息,其最大绝对估计误差除滚转通道小于±10°/s外, 其余两通道均小于±5°/s,并对于误差产生的原因进行了进一步讨论。     

旋转质量矩弹头双环滑模变结构姿态控制

为解决质量矩弹头的复杂非线性控制问题,把质量块运动引起的转动惯量的变化和惯性力矩作为参数不确定性因素,考虑了气动力矩参数的变化,提出了基于时间尺度分离的两环变结构姿态控制,设计了含有跟踪误差及其积分函数的滑动超平面,基于李雅普洛夫函数证明了能达阶段的收敛性,分析了闭环系统的稳定性.仿真结果表明,该控制策略具有很好的快速性、稳定性,对上述3种不确定性具有一定的鲁棒性.