奥氏体不锈钢中稀土的作用研究及应用前景

就稀土在奥氏体不锈钢的应用研究作简要综合评述。作为稀土资源的大国,开发具有我国资源特色新型高品质稀土不锈钢,具有十分重要的战略意义和很好的应用前景。     

Intercomparison of Thermophysical Property Measurements on an Austenitic Stainless Steel

The results of an inter laboratory comparison of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal expansion measurements on austenitic stainless steel in the temperature range between 20 and 1000°C are presented here. Mean values are presented for the physical properties studied. Reliable relative expanded uncertainties can be stated for the properties determined, which were achieved by applying good measurement practice, i.e., 3% for thermal expansion, 5% for specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, and 6% for thermal conductivity. The mean values derived from this intercomparison agree well with the results of a previous intercomparison in 1990. An erratum to this article is availabale at .     

Calibration of the Weibull stress scale parameter, σu, using the Master Curve

This work proposes that the Weibull stress scale parameter, σ_u, increases with temperature to reflect the increasing microscale toughness of ferritic steels caused by local events that include plastic shielding of microcracks, microcrack blunting, and microcrack arrest. The Weibull modulus, m, then characterizes the temperature invariant, random distribution of microcrack sizes in the material. Direct calibration of σ_u values at temperatures over the DBT region requires extensive sets of fracture toughness values. A more practical approach developed here utilizes the so-called Master Curve standardized in ASTM Test Method E1921-02 to provide the needed temperature vs. toughness dependence for a material using a minimum number of fracture tests conducted at one temperature. The calibration procedure then selects σ_u values that force the Weibull stress model to predict the Master Curve temperature dependence of K_Jc values for the material. At temperatures in mid-to-upper transition, the process becomes more complex as fracture test specimens undergo gradual constraint loss and the idealized conditions of high-constraint, small-scale yielding assumed in E1921-02 gradually degenerate. The paper develops the σ_u calibration process to incorporate these effects in addition to consideration of threshold toughness effects and the testing of fracture specimens with varying crack-front lengths. Initial illustrations of the calibration process for simpler conditions, i.e. 1T crack-front lengths, use the temperature dependent flow properties and a range of toughness levels for an A533B pressure vessel steel. Then using the extensive fracture toughness data sets for an A508 pressure vessel steel generated recently by Faleskog et al. [Engng. Fract. Mech., in press], the paper concludes with calibrations of both m and σ_u over the DBT region and assessments of the Master Curve calibration approach developed here.     

高温热冲击对J75合金力学性能影响及损伤机理

采用自行研制的大电流瞬态加热设备,研究了沉淀强化奥氏体不锈钢 J75 经受不同温度热冲击及在一定温度下经受多次热冲击作用后的力学性能变化规律,并探索了导致性能损伤的机理性原因。研究结果表明,在作用时间为 1 s 的情况下,温度低于 610 ℃,J75合金的力学性能无明显损伤,温度大于 750 ℃,材料的强度和延伸率都显著降低;温度在 610 ℃,增加有限次数的热冲击,对材料的强度和延伸率影响不很明显,但温度在 750 ℃时,随热冲击次数的增加,材料的强度和延伸率都明显降低。显微分析表明,热冲击温度和热冲击次数的增加,促进了合金晶粒细化,但使材料析出相发生了明显的变化,在高于 750 ℃下产生的大量片状 η 相的析出及 γ′强化相的粗化和不均匀分布,是引起 J75 合金强度和延伸率显著下降的主要原因。     

火力发电厂工业冷却水系统工艺分析

从技术、经济和安全三个方面分析了采用不锈钢管材凝汽器的火力发电厂的工业冷却水系统，采用闭式循环工艺运行方式的合理性。     

珠钢续建工程炼钢系统中的引进工艺技术

本文介绍了珠钢续建工程炼钢系统中的不锈钢生产技术、废钢预热系统控制及工艺优化、续建电炉工艺设备操作参数优化、组织管理优化等先进技术，并从措施和步骤上探讨快速掌握、消化及管理引进的先进工艺技术。     

太钢不锈钢冷轧板材质量、性能改进技术的分析

太钢作为国内最大的、惟一的不锈钢全流程宽带钢生产企业，在国家的支持和有关科研院校的帮助下，以企业自主开发为主体，围绕不锈钢冷轧板主要品种，在提高不锈钢冷轧板内在质量和表面质量方面进行了技术研发。笔者对其有关技术进行了总结，并就产品实物质量与国际水平进行了比较。结果表明：太钢不锈钢冷轧板材质量达到国际先进水平，这对于带动我国不锈钢生产技术的快速发展，提高不锈钢的国产化率和国际市场竞争力具有重要意义。     

Corrosion of a stainless steel handrail

AISI 304 and 304L stainless steels are “workhores” grades of austenitic stainless steel frequently used in architectural applications, as well as in cookware, appliances, and numerous other applications where resistance to corrosion is required. This paper examines a corrosion failure (the appearance of rustlike stains on the surface) of a 304 stainless steel handrail that appears to have occurred as a result of contamination during the fabrication process.     

多弧离子镀与磁控溅射共沉积TiN/TiCN多层膜的高温抗氧化性能

TiN/TiCN多层膜的高温抗氧化性研究对于扩大其应用领域具有重要作用,但目前鲜见相关报道。采用多弧离子镀与磁控溅射技术以不同调制周期在304不锈钢表面共沉积TiN/TiCN多层膜。采用XRD、XPS、倒置显微镜及高温氧化试验研究了多层膜的高温抗氧化行为。结果表明:TiN/TiCN多层膜表面光滑平整、均匀致密,薄膜主要为具有Ti-(C,N)键的fcc-TiN结构;随着调制周期的减小,TiN/TiCN多层膜生长取向发生转变,且具有(111)晶面生长织构;随着氧化温度的升高,多层膜的显微硬度逐渐降低,氧化增重速率不断增大,且在700℃之后变化速率较快,薄膜的开始氧化温度约为750℃;随着调制周期的减小,多层膜TiN与TiCN界面层数量增多,促使晶粒细化,提高了其致密性,还隔断了缺陷贯穿薄膜的连续性,显著降低了薄膜的孔隙率,致使O原子扩散困难,增强了薄膜的高温抗氧化性能。