Russell Lee De Valois: Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1977.

Russell Lee De Valois received a Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award for pioneering studies of color and pattern discrimination in primates. He discovered individual cells in the visual pathways that respond oppositely when a monkey sees red versus green, or blue versus yellow. He also found nonopponent cells and explored the receptive fields of each type. Furthermore, he showed that simple cortical cells are selectively activated by grating patterns of particular spatial frequencies. These studies, together with equally imaginative psychophysical measurements, have revealed the near identity of monkey and human visual systems. He has thus established a firm neural foundation for current theories of color and pattern perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种不平衡注意参数条件下的遗传协同学习算法

本文讨论了目标识别的协同方法在不平衡注意参数条件下的动力学行为,并提出了不平衡注意参数条件下的遗传协同学习算法(GSLA).该算法利用遗传算法的全局最优搜索能力,对协同神经网络的注意参数进行全局优化.对从"车牌识别系统"中得到的数字样本的实验证明:新算法能有效地在注意参数空间搜索全局最优解,挖掘出协同方法在目标识别方面的最大潜能.另外,本文还将新算法与利用奖惩学习算法的协同学习算法进行了全局优化能力的比较,发现新算法具有收敛快和全局最优搜索能力强的特点.     

Citation-related reliability analysis for a pilot sample of underground coal mines

The scrutiny of underground coal mine safety was heightened because of the disasters that occurred in 2006–2007, and more recently in 2010. In the aftermath of the 2006 incidents, the U.S. Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act), which strengthened the existing regulations and mandated new laws to address various issues related to emergency preparedness and response, escape from an emergency situation, and protection of miners. The National Mining Association-sponsored Mine Safety Technology and Training Commission study highlighted the role of risk management in identifying and controlling major hazards, which are elements that could come together and cause a mine disaster. In 2007 MSHA revised its approach to the “Pattern of Violations” (POV) process in order to target unsafe mines and then force them to remediate conditions in their mines. The POV approach has certain limitations that make it difficult for it to be enforced. One very understandable way to focus on removing threats from major-hazard conditions is to use citation-related reliability analysis. The citation reliability approach, which focuses on the probability of not getting a citation on a given inspector day, is considered an analogue to the maintenance reliability approach, which many mine operators understand and use. In this study, the citation reliability approach was applied to a stratified random sample of 31 underground coal mines to examine its potential for broader application. The results clearly show the best-performing and worst-performing mines for compliance with mine safety standards, and they highlight differences among different mine sizes.     

高等学校奖助金管理系统的设计与开发

高校奖助金就是由政府以及高校自身、团体或者是个人对学习成绩优秀以及经济困难的学生发放的奖金。本文通过设计基于VB++SQL的软件系统,使奖助金管理系统不仅可以做到对学生奖助信息的规范管理,而且还可以实现科学统计、快速查询等功能,从而有效减少高校奖助金管理工作量。     

英美科普图书奖项述评

英美获奖科普图书的类型主要依据受众对象、学科性质的不同来划分。按受众对象分的奖项如英国皇家学会的"青少年图书奖"(Royal Society Young People’s Book Prize)、美国科学教师协会的"青少年优秀科普图书奖"(Outstanding Science Trade Books for Students K-12)等,按学科性质分的如美国图书馆协会的"STS奥伯利农业或自然科学书目奖"(STS Oberly Award for Bibliography in the Agricultural or Natural Sciences)、"罗伯特·F·塞伯特信息图书奖"(Robert F.Sibert Informational Book Medal)等。本研究旨在了解英美不同类型科普图书奖项设置需要考虑的共同因素,主要以两国科学、教育、图书馆等组织下设置的科普图书奖项为例,对这些科普图书奖项的背景、评委会、评奖过程、标准等做出综述,并在分析提炼比较的基础上给出若干思考。     

基于设计奖项获奖案例的设计知识建模研究

为实现设计奖项获奖案例中的优秀设计知识的有效重用,对获奖案例中的设计知识类别和表示方式进行研究。通过分析设计奖项获奖案例中的设计知识内涵;引入本体概念,根据本体的四元组模型构建获奖案例中设计知识的本体结构。以中国设计智造大奖(DIA)中智慧城市服务平台类获奖案例为例,通过语言逻辑学、语义研究等方法对获奖案例的设计知识进行概念、本体属性、概念关系的描述和定义,从而搭建设计奖项知识(DAK)模型,并借助OWL语言和知识图谱等方式实现智慧城市服务平台类获奖案例中设计知识的语义表示。提出一种基于本体的设计奖项获奖案例知识模型,为设计奖项中的优秀设计知识储存、管理、重用提供理论支持和实践参考。     

Awards for distinguished scientific contributions.

Lists all of the winners of the Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions, and acknowledges the following 1991 winners: Paul Ekman, Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic, and Richard E. Nisbett. For each of these recipients a citation, biography, and selected bibliography of their work are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions.

Presents the 2003 APA Award Recipients for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. The award recipients for 2003 are Lila Gleitman, Bruce McEwen and Claude M. Steele. The award citation, their biography and a selected bibliography of the award recipient's research are included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Independent or Institutional Practice in the Private Sector.

Presents the 2003 APA Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Independent or Institutional Practice in the Private Sector. A list of the members of the APA Board who selected the recipients for this year and a list of the previous recipients of this award from 1972 through 2003 are provided. The award recipient for 2003 is Philip G. Levendusky. The award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography of Dr. Levendusky's research are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

2003 Award Winners: Distinguished Scientific Contributions.

Presents the 2003 Award Winners for the APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Awards. This award is presented to individuals who have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. The list of members of the APA committee who selected the recipients for this year and a list of previous award recipients from 1956-1969 are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)