Frequencies of injection-site lesions in muscles from rounds of dairy and beef cow carcasses

The frequency of injection-site lesions in muscles from top sirloins and rounds in fed cattle carcasses is well documented; this study characterizes the frequency and severity of lesions in muscles from rounds of beef and dairy cow carcasses. Audits were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 on 3190 rounds from cow carcasses. Outside round muscles were cut into 1.25-cm slices to characterize lesions. In 1998, 31% of beef rounds and 60% of dairy rounds had an injection-site lesion. Frequency of lesions in beef rounds significantly declined 5 percentage points between 1998 and 1999 and 6 percentage points between 1999 and 2000. The frequency of lesions in dairy rounds significantly declined 9 percentage points between 1998 and 1999 and 16 percentage points between 1999 and 2000. Frequencies of injection-site lesions in muscles of beef rounds were significantly lower than those in muscles of dairy rounds in all 3 yr. Injection-site lesions were most common between the hooks and pins of the hindquarter of beef cattle and between the pins and hocks of the hindquarter of dairy cattle. Clear lesions and woody calluses exceeded 89% and occurred more frequently than did other kinds of lesions in muscles of beef and dairy rounds in 1998, 1999, and 2000 audits. Of all injection-site lesions, between 3 and 5% were cystic in muscles of beef rounds, similar to the 2 to 4% of cystic lesions found in muscles of dairy rounds. Although yearly data indicate trends in declining frequencies of injection-site lesions, the need remains for educational programs and continued improvements in beef quality assurance practices among both beef and dairy producers.     

中国孕期女性基础代谢率实测值与两种公式预测值的比较研究

目的:开展孕期基础代谢率的估算公式与体成分仪实测基础代谢值间的比较研究。方法:对北京医院产科常规产检的孕妇分别在建档日、孕22—24周、孕30—32周、孕36—38周采用孕妇专用型体成分仪测量其基础代谢值,与两种估算公式计算值进行比较。结果:4次结果中3组间的差异均有统计学意义,其中实测的基础代谢值最低。结论:实测的基础代谢值应用于临床上的能量计算更为合理。     

过J3底砾岩层暗斜巷预注浆改造方案研究

在第一段多个钻孔施工中,曾经出现个别钻孔出水点在注浆中串浆现象,而且经分析这些串浆点所处的深度、方位不同,从钻孔出水、坍塌情况分析,不同的含水构造区都有水力联系,说明砾岩层内的含水构造复杂,相互贯通,给注浆资料分析带来很大难度。     

Porteus maze performance following traumatic brain injury in children.

To investigate planning in traumatically brain injured children, the authors gave the Porteus Maze Test (PMT; S. D. Porteus, 1959) to 276 pediatric patients who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least 3 years previously. Sensitivity of the PMT to TBI severity, age at test, and volume of focal brain lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging was also studied. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (L. M. Dunn & L. M. Dunn, 1981) was also administered as a control measure. Results indicated that the PMT was highly sensitive to TBI severity and to volume of circumscribed prefrontal lesions. In contrast to the PMT data, receptive vocabulary was related to injury severity but not to discrete prefrontal lesions. Implications for mechanisms of cognitive deficit after TBI in children are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of bilateral lesions of the amygdala on dyadic social interactions in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The role of the amygdala in dyadic social interactions of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was assessed after bilateral ibotenic acid lesions. Social, nonsocial, and spatial behaviors of amygdalectomized and control monkeys were assessed in 3 dyadic experiments: constrained, unconstrained, and round robin. Lesions produced extensive bilateral damage to the amygdala. Across all experiments, the amygdalectomized monkeys demonstrated increased social affiliation, decreased anxiety, and increased confidence compared with control monkeys, particularly during early encounters. Normal subjects also demonstrated increased social affiliation toward the amygdalectomized subjects. These results indicate that amygdala lesions in adult monkeys lead to a decrease in the species-normal reluctance to immediately engage a novel conspecific in social behavior. The altered behavior of the amygdalectomized monkeys may have induced the increased social interactions from their normal companions. This is contrary to the idea that amygdalectomy produces a decrease in social interaction and increased aggression from conspecifics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of selective neonatal temporal lobe lesions on socioemotional behavior in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Normal infant monkeys and infant monkeys with neonatal damage to either the medial temporal lobe or the inferior temporal visual area were assessed in dyadic social interactions at 2 and 6 months of age. Unlike the normal infant monkeys, which developed strong affiliative bonds and little or no behavioral disturbances, the lesioned monkeys (each of which was observed with an unoperated control) exhibited socioemotional abnormalities and aberrant behaviors. The socioemotional changes predominated at 6 months of age and were particularly severe in monkeys with medial temporal lesions. In both the pattern and time course, the socioemotional deficits produced by the neonatal medial temporal lesions bear a striking resemblance to the behavioral syndrome in children with autism. Further analysis of these lesion-induced abnormalities in nonhuman primates may therefore provide insight into this debilitating human developmental disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fractionating the binding process: Neuropsychological evidence from reversed search efficiencies.

The authors present neuropsychological evidence distinguishing binding between form, color, and size (cross-domain binding) and binding between form elements. They contrasted conjunctive search with difficult feature search using control participants and patients with unilateral parietal or fronto/temporal lesions. To rule out effects of task difficulty or loss of top-down guidance of search, the authors made conjunction search easier than feature search. Despite this, parietal patients were selectively impaired at detecting conjunction targets in their contralateral field. In contrast, the parietal patients performed like the other participants with form conjunctions, with form conjunctions being easier to detect than difficult feature targets. These data indicate a qualitative difference between binding in the form domain and binding across form, color, and size, consistent with theories that propose distinct binding processes in vision. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

择优蚀坑表征立方晶系冷轧电工硅钢取向性

为确定电工硅钢的晶粒取向性,应用蚀坑技术研究了冷轧无取向硅钢、取向硅钢因择优腐蚀所形成的蚀坑与晶粒取向的关系,分析了{100}面系蚀坑形貌的演变过程,从晶体学角度建立了蚀坑形貌与晶面指数的对应关系.结果发现:无取向硅钢形成不同形貌的蚀坑,其晶面指数为(001)、(011)和(111),或是由它们演变形成的其他晶面指数;取向硅钢形成的蚀坑为同一类型,晶面指数为(011)或由其演变形成的其他晶面指数;晶界也会形成蚀坑,其形貌与相邻晶粒间的取向差有关,取向差大,形成{100}、{110}和{111}面系的蚀坑,取向差小,形成{110}面系的蚀坑.取向硅钢的蚀坑分布具有连续性,晶界的存在并不改变蚀坑的基本特征;取向硅钢蚀坑的底棱相互平行,相差不超过5°,底棱延伸方向与硅钢的轧制方向即[001]方向一致,偏离角度不超过5°.     

Disclosure in 3D of slit-membrane as well as -strands, and en-face basal lamina in situ of renal glomerulus of normal rats in embedment-free section transmission electron microscopy

With higher contrast and transparency due to the absence of epon and stereo-viewing effect due to thicker sections than conventional electron microscopy as methodological advantages, the renal glomerular slits were re-examined in embedment-free section electron microscopy. In addition to clear demonstration of strands bridging the slits in forms of ladders with highly irregular intervals and various extension-directions and length, this study disclosed clearly for the first time in the "section" TEM thin sheets which partially spanned the slit together with the strand-ladders. No strands were found to align in forms of typical zippers in normal kidney. Furthermore, en-face ultrastructure of the basal lamina in situ was clearly demonstrated in superimposed sites of the endothelial fenestrae with the slits.     

Indian Hedgehog in Synovial Fluid Is a Novel Marker for Early Cartilage Lesions in Human Knee Joint

To determine whether there is a correlation between the concentration of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in synovial fluid (SF) and the severity of cartilage damage in the human knee joints, the knee cartilages from patients were classified using the Outer-bridge scoring system and graded using the Modified Mankin score. Expression of Ihh in cartilage and SF samples were analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, we detected and compared Ihh protein levels in rat and mice cartilages between normal control and surgery-induced osteoarthritis (OA) group by IHC and fluorescence molecular tomography in vivo respectively. Ihh expression was increased 5.2-fold in OA cartilage, 3.1-fold in relative normal OA cartilage, and 1.71-fold in OA SF compared to normal control samples. The concentrations of Ihh in cartilage and SF samples was significantly increased in early-stage OA samples when compared to normal samples (r = 0.556; p < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences between normal samples and late-stage OA samples. Up-regulation of Ihh protein was also an early event in the surgery-induced OA models. Increased Ihh is associated with the severity of OA cartilage damage. Elevated Ihh content in human knee joint synovial fluid correlates with early cartilage lesions.