HCOONa干燥，风送系统堵塞的原因及措施

以干燥理论为依据，结合生产实际阐述直管型干燥器堵塞的原因，并提出改进措施。     

Discovering Reactant Supply Pathways at Electrode/PEM Reaction Interfaces Via a Tailored Interface-Visible Characterization Cell

In situ and micro-scale visualization of electrochemical reactions and multiphase transports on the interface of porous transport electrode (PTE) materials and solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has been one of the greatest challenges for electrochemical energy conversion devices, such as proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs), CO₂ reduction electrolyzers, PEM fuel cells, etc. Here, an interface-visible characterization cell (IV-CC) is developed to in situ visualize micro-scaled and rapid electrochemical reactions and transports in PTE/SPE interfaces. Taking the PEMEC of a green hydrogen generator as a study case, the unanticipated local gas blockage, micro water droplets, and their evolution processes are successfully visualized on PTE/PEM interfaces in a practical PEMEC device, indicating the existence of unconventional reactant supply pathways in PEMs. Further comprehensive results reveal that PEM water supplies to reaction interfaces are significantly impacted with current densities. These results provide critical insights about the reaction interface optimization and mass transport enhancement in various electrochemical energy conversion devices.     

小关子水电站机组技术供水系统滤水器易堵塞问题的解决

小关子水电站机组技术供水方式为蜗壳取水的自流减压供水。由于发电用水中含有较多的垃圾物,电站存在技术供水系统滤水器易堵塞的问题。在2009年3月至2010年3月期间,先后对电站全部4台机组实施了解决滤水器易堵塞问题的技术改造。改造后,滤水器没有发生过堵塞情况,改造取得了令人满意的效果,彻底解决了长时间困扰电站的滤水器易堵塞问题。改造方案为,在机组技术供水系统的蜗壳取水口处安装专门设计的取水口拦污罩取代原有的网状拦污栅。该改造方案具有改造费用低、易于实施、改造效果好的特点,可以推广应用于类似水电站,有较高的实用价值。     

渤海湾疏松砂岩储层微观特征及开发实践

渤海PL油田属于易堵疏松砂岩油藏,具有含油井段长、小层数量多、沉积类型复杂多样等特点。由于早期的水平井试验井失利,长期以来水平井被认为不适合在渤海PL油田应用。基于渤海PL油田微观储层特征,采用渗流理论、数值模拟与矿场实践相结合的方式,研究得到了易堵疏松砂岩水平井评价技术和厚薄间互多层油藏联合井网分类开发技术。结果表明,在近井地带,水平井的圆柱与半球结合体渗流区域的单位面积流速远小于定向井圆柱体渗流区域的单位面积流速,矿场实践证实了水平井在易堵疏松砂岩储层中对抗速敏现象更具优势。对多层厚薄间互油藏联合井网中的定向井与水平井的干扰进行对比,证明在中高含水期,地层能量是联合井网中井间干扰的主控因素。     

快堆单个燃料组件完全堵流事故的建模及其验证

为了预测正常功率下快堆单个燃料组件入口完全堵流所导致的事故序列,根据SCARABEE-N系列实验建立了相关的计算模型.冷却剂的沸腾及其两相流动的描述采用两流体模型;包壳的流动、燃料的熔化及其塌陷采用类似SURFASS程序的简单方法处理.对于事故后期形成的UO2-钢混合沸腾池,采用一维半经验模型描述,即:用漂移速度模型来预测空泡份额分布;用修正后的Greene关系式计算沸腾池和壁面之间的传热系数;用焓方法(enthalpy method)求解包裹沸腾池的固化壳的温度场及厚度.为了验证本文建立的模型,对SCARABEE BE 1实验结果进行了校核计算,其结果与实验结果基本吻合.     

国内核电厂安全壳地坑滤网设计改进考虑

在冷却剂丧失事故（LOCA）工况下核电厂安全壳地坑滤网堵塞问题已是核能界广泛关注的核安全问题,国内核安全监管部门和核电厂营运单位正积极推动该问题的解决。本文介绍了国内核电厂安全壳地坑滤网设计改进工作的进展情况,从审评人员的角度说明了对解决该问题所持的态度及相应的监管要求,并阐述对国内相关核电厂逐步开展该项工作的总体设想。     

强负压复合解堵技术在曙光油田稀油区块的应用

在油田开发过程中,因钻井、完井、修井、生产等原因造成近井地带油层堵塞污染问题越来越严重。强负压复合解堵技术可以有效解除油层堵塞污染问题,恢复油层渗流能力,提高油井单井产量。介绍了强负压复合解堵技术工艺原理、管柱结构及其在曙光油田应用情况。     

Evidence for allochthonous prey delivery to Lake Michigan's Mid-Lake Reef Complex: Are deep reefs analogs to oceanic sea mounts?

Lake Michigan's Sheboygan Reef is contained in a refuge for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) restoration, and is one of several deep midlake reefs that historically were productive spawning and fishery grounds. The summits of these reefs are rocky and deeper than the photic zone. We propose that the basis of trophic support for lake trout and their prey is allochthonous and based, at least in part, on the principle of “topographic blockage” of descending vertical migrators (Mysis diluviana), as has been proposed for oceanic seamounts. We estimated slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and Mysis densities via ROV (unmanned submersible) electroshocking and collected slimy sculpins for diet analyses via ROV and beam trawl. Slimy sculpin densities were greater or similar to that for its shallow-water (photic zone) congener, the mottled sculpin (C. bairdi), and not distinguishable from a random distribution. Mysis densities were highly contagious. The diet of the slimy sculpin was variable: Mysis typically predominated, followed by Diporeia and midge larvae. We argue that Mysis and Diporeia originate from off Sheboygan Reef because the summit of Sheboygan Reef is much shallower than the preferred daytime depth of Mysis and there is no suitable soft substrate for Diporeia, which is a burrowing amphipod. The probable mechanism for delivery of these two prey to Sheboygan Reef is topographic blockage.     

水电机组主轴密封橡胶块烧损原因分析及处理

龚嘴水电站4号机组近几年多次发生主轴密封橡胶块烧损故障,几次故障的现象又略有不同。针对两起典型现象,分析了可能导致故障产生的4种原因,并逐一排除,最终确定烧损的根本原因在于水封橡胶块堵塞,而堵塞是由于机组所处特殊位置及大渡河泥沙含量过高所致。基于此,采取了更换轴密封材料、增设润滑水过滤系统的解决措施。实践表明,处理方法得当、效果显著。     

巴基斯坦塔尔地区煤层下部含水层回灌试验研究

巴基斯坦塔尔地区某燃煤电站冷却水计划回灌至煤层下部承压含水层,为了确保回灌的可行性,开展了一系列的抽水、注水试验。根据非稳定流抽水试验,计算了含水层的导水系数和渗透系数;根据非稳定流抽水试验的s～lgt曲线形态以及三段降深稳定流抽水试验结果判断出煤层下部含水层为稳定分布的承压含水层;采用补给影响半径的概念,基于三段降深稳定流抽水试验结果,计算了合理的回灌井距;结合短周期回灌试验和设计要求确定了单井回灌量;通过对比稳定流抽水试验数据和短周期回灌试验数据,分析了回灌阻力,并确定了回灌阻力曲线;将长期回灌试验曲线划分为回灌阻力阶段和阻塞效应阶段,分析了阻塞效应。通过试验观测数据以及试验曲线的一阶导数,认为阻塞效应并不明显。研究成果可为未来回灌工程建设提供一定的理论基础和技术依据。