热水采暖系统的故障分析与处理

以设计和安装角度分析了造成室内热水采暖系统故障的原因，指出其影响因素是多方面的，在排除故障时应对其逐一分析，并提出一些可行性建议。     

低渗凝析气井反凝析、反渗吸伤害及解除方法

凝析气藏衰竭开采过程中，受相态变化影响，在近井带地层将形成反凝析液堆栈和井筒积液。井筒积液在井筒回压、岩石润湿性及微孔隙毛管压力作用下将产生反渗吸水锁效应，造成地层渗流通道的堵塞，从而引起气井产能下降，特别是对低渗凝析气井影响更大。在分析了反凝析、反渗吸地层伤害机理和国内外现有降低和解除反凝析、反渗吸堵塞技术方法的基础上，针对低渗凝析气藏，建议采用一种有效的解除凝析气藏近井地层反凝析、反渗吸堵塞．提高气井产能的技术方法：即在注气吞吐之前注入一个甲醇(乙醇、表面活性剂)溶液前置段塞来有效地解除反凝析特别是反渗吸水锁效应所产生的地层伤害和堵塞。     

降低铁水脱硫喷枪堵枪频率的研究与应用

通过对武钢第三炼钢厂二脱硫站纯喷颗粒镁铁水脱硫生产过程的调研，系统地分析引起无气化室颗粒镁脱硫喷枪堵枪频率高的原因，并从喷枪结构与尺寸、脱硫工艺参数的控制、脱硫剂质量、设备状况等方面，研究并采用降低喷枪堵枪频率的技术措施。此外，从因素波动的角度考虑，也采取缩短喷枪内插喷吹管更换时间的技术措施，取得良好的应用效果。     

两起粗氩塔氮塞故障的原因分析与处理

详细介绍了KDONAr-6000／2000／180型空分设备发生的两起粗氩塔氮塞故障的经过，分析了发生氮塞的原因。结合空分设备实际运行工况，采取相应措施，消除了氮塞故障。     

Comparison of blockage factors in modelling the resistance of channels containing submerged macrophytes

The proportion of a river channel containing vegetation (termed the blockage factor) has historically been determined in three ways: cross‐sectional, surface area and volumetric. The first two versions are two‐dimensional measures. Meanwhile, the three‐dimensional volumetric version is biased towards deeper sections of a reach. A fourth version of the blockage factor is proposed that does not have such limitations: the multi‐cross‐sectional blockage factor. Between five and nine cross‐sections were sampled to determine the four blockage‐factor versions for 35 river sites containing the clumped submergent macrophyte, Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium (water‐crowfoot). The ability of these four measures to act as predictors of vegetative channel resistance was then assessed. The vegetated proportion of individual cross‐sections was poorly related to the vegetation resistance of a channel reach, primarily due to the high spatial variability of patch‐forming macrophytes. The weighted median of all cross‐sectional blockage factors measured at each site produced the strongest relationship with vegetation resistance, though this was not significantly better than the volumetric or surface area versions. The resistance model using the surface‐area blockage factor gave a very high residual between predicted and calculated resistance for a mat‐forming macrophyte species, and this model is unlikely to hold for conditions other than baseflow. Likewise, the volumetric version is not expected to hold for sites that have more depth variability than those measured in this study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental measurements of the hydrodynamic performance and structural loading of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water Turbine: Part 1

This paper is the first of three, which outline the procedures and results for a set of experiments carried out on various configurations of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water Turbine (THAWT), which is a horizontally orientated variant of the Darrieus cross-flow turbine. Tests were conducted in the combined wind, wave and current tank at Newcastle University on a 0.5 m diameter rotor, while the flow depth and velocity were varied over a range of realistic Froude numbers for tidal streams. Various configurations of the device were tested to assess the merits of varied blade pitch, rotor solidity, blockage ratio and truss oriented blades. Experiments were carried out using a speed controlled motor/generator, allowing quasi-steady results to be taken over a range of tip speed ratios. Measurements of power, thrust, blade loading and free surface deformation provide extensive data for future validation of numerical codes and demonstrate the ability of the device to exceed the Lanchester-Betz limit for kinetic efficiency by using high blockage. This paper covers the experimental procedures and results for the hydrodynamic performance for the parallel bladed variant of the THAWT device. The second paper covers the hydrodynamic loading of the parallel bladed rotor and the third covers both hydrodynamic performance and loading of the truss configured THAWT device.     

FLOW RESISTANCE AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW-TYPE PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

A new-type corrugation Plate Heat Exchanger （PHE） was designed. Results from both numerical simulations and experiments showed that the flow resistance of the working fluid in this new corrugation PHE, compared with the traditional chevron-type one, was decreased by more than 50%, and corresponding heat transfer performance was decreased by about 25%. The flow field of the working fluid in the corrugation PHE was transformed and hence performance difference in both flow resistance and heat transfer was generated. Such a novel plate, consisting of longitudinal and transverse corrugations, can effectively avoid the problem of flow path blockage, which will help to extend the application of PHEs to the situation with unclean working fluids.     

混凝土灌注桩桩头渗水的处理及预防措施

混凝土灌注桩桩头渗水对桩体混凝土受力和基底防水产生影响,对混凝土结构中的钢筋造成腐蚀。结合工程实例,对桩头渗水产生的原因进行分析,主要有操作经验不足、责任心不强,灌注器具不合格,混凝土质量指标不符合要求,灌注接近结束时拔管速度过快、灌注终了超灌高度测量不准,基土含水量高、水压大等;出现桩头渗水可采用人工剔除或注浆封堵处理;介绍了预防措施,包括加强作业人员培训,强化灌注器具检查,严控混凝土质量,重点监管终灌时的状态,做好基坑内降水工作等。     

小分子封闭提高固定化青霉素酰化酶的稳定性

为提高青霉素酰化酶的催化性能和热稳定性,在酶组装过程中添加小分子试剂对介孔泡沫硅载体表面过量的活化位点进行封闭。详细考察了小分子添加质量分数和种类对青霉素酰化酶负载率、催化活力及热稳定性的影响。实验结果得到:经精氨酸封闭的固定化酶活力提高至1.92倍;甘氨酸封闭的固定化酶5 h的50℃热稳定性提高至2.9倍,甘氨酸和谷氨酸封闭的固定化酶50℃热处理25 h仍保持87.9%和82.2%的残余活力;甘氨酸和谷氨酸封闭的固定化酶最适催化pH值向中性偏移且对pH值的耐受性增强。结果表明,在青霉素酰化酶共价组装过程中添加合适的小分子封闭能显著提高酶的催化性能和热稳定性。     

城市道路堵塞问题浅析与初步对策

从我国多数城市的痼疾交通堵塞问题入手,结合北京和上海城市道路发展实例加以分析,试图找出造成城市交通堵塞问题的根本原因,经过分析得出几个初步解决问题的构想,并对于城市道路发展展开大胆预想,从多角度、多层次为我国城市道路堵塞问题开出药方。