饮用水中氯化消毒副产物的研究进展

自Rook首次报道饮用水中存在三氯甲烷,有关氯化消毒副产物（CDBPs）的研究一直受到广泛关注。该文介绍了CDBPs的研究进展,包括形成机理与影响因素、浓度水平、健康风险及控制技术。指出除天然有机化合物外．应关注水源水中的有毒有害有机物在氯化消毒过程中的变化。     

高性能混凝土专用辅料PNF的研究开发

试验研究表明，用以粉煤灰为基料，复合矿渣粉、富钙矿粉等工业废料而成高性能混凝土专用辅料，具有拌合物工作性能好、坍落度损失小、早期抗压强度不降低等许多优点，可大量消耗工业废料，节约水泥，降低工程成本，具有很好的经济和社会意义。     

Selection of NF membrane to improve quality of chemically treated surface water

The requirement for higher quality drinking water necessitates the application of more efficient water treatment techniques. Nanofiltration is one promising option for enhanced water treatment, for example, in enhanced organic matter removal. The characteristics of different nanofiltration membranes vary remarkably, and the selection of a membrane has to be made according to the requirements of an application. In this study six nanofiltration membranes (NF70, NF255, NTR-7450, NTR-7410, Desal-5 and TFC-S) were evaluated in improving the quality of chemically pre-treated surface water in a pilot-scale process. The results indicate that the membrane with high organics removal and slightly reduced ion removal characteristics (NF255) performed best in terms of product water quality as well as membrane productivity and fouling. The most permeable membrane (NTR-7410) suffered intensive fouling and insufficient product water quality. An interesting finding was that the permeates of all the tested membranes possessed a significant potential for microbial growth, despite the low nutrient contents.     

Formation, modeling and validation of trihalomethanes (THM) in Malaysian drinking water: a case study in the districts of Tampin, Negeri Sembilan and Sabak Bernam, Selangor, Malaysia

A modeling procedure that predicts trihalomethane (THM) formation from field sampling at the treatment plant and along its distribution system using Tampin district, Negeri Sembilan and Sabak Bernam district, Selangor as sources of data were studied and developed. Using Pearson method of correlation, the organic matter measured as TOC showed a positive correlation with formation of THM (r=0.380,P=0.0001 for Tampin and r=0.478,P=0.0001 for Sabak Bernam). Similar positive correlation was also obtained for pH in both districts with Tampin (r=0.362,P=0.0010) and Sabak Bernam (r=0.215,P=0.0010). Chlorine dosage was also found to have low correlation with formation of THM for the two districts with Tampin (r=0.233,P=0.0230) and Sabak Bernam (r=0.505,P=0.0001). Distance from treatment plant was found to have correlation with formation of THM for Tampin district with r=0.353 and P=0.0010. Other parameters such as turbidity, ammonia, temperature and residue chlorine were found to have no correlation with formation of THM. Linear and non-linear models were developed for these two districts. The results obtained were validated using three different sets of field data obtained from own source and district of Seremban (Pantai and Sg. Terip), Negeri Sembilan. Validation results indicated that there was significant difference in the predictive and determined values of THM when two sets of data from districts of Seremban were used with an exception of field data of Sg. Terip for non-linear model developed for district of Tampin. It was found that a non-linear model is slightly better than linear model in terms of percentage prediction errors. The models developed were site specific and the predictive capabilities in the distribution systems vary with different environmental conditions.     

工业副产品石膏在造纸行业中的应用研究

随着纸浆价格不断攀升,造纸行业的利润空间也在不断地被挤压。积极发展高加填造纸技术是降低造纸生产成本的一种有效途径。试验研究结果表明工业副产品石膏经改性处理的硫酸钙用于造纸加填体现出了优异的强度性能。积极开发出工业副产品石膏硫酸钙的改性技术,实现无论从技术上还是经济上适合造纸加填,是硫酸钙能否在未来造纸行业大规模使用的关键。     

Fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine, trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursors in tertiary treatment including biofiltration

The presence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and N-nitrosamines in water is of great concern due to their adverse effects on human health. In this work, the removal of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), total THM and five HAA precursors from secondary effluent by biological activated carbon (BAC) is investigated at full and pilot scale. In the pilot plant two filter media, sand and granular activated carbon, are tested. In addition, we evaluate the influence of ozonation prior to BAC filtration on its performance. Among the bulk of NDMA precursors, the fate of four pharmaceuticals containing a dimethylamino moiety in the chemical structure are individually investigated. Both NDMA formation potential and each of the studied pharmaceuticals are dramatically reduced by the BAC even in the absence of main ozonation prior to the filtration. The low removal of NDMA precursors at the sand filtration in comparison to the removal of NDMA precursors at the BAC suggests that adsorption may play an important role on the removal of NDMA precursors by BAC. Contrary, the precursors for THM and HAA formation are reduced in both sand filtration and BAC indicating that the precursors for the formation of these DBPs are to some extent biodegradable.     

Minced Meat Crabcake from Blue Crab Processing Byproducts—Development and Sensory Evaluation

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of minced meat, mechanically separated from blue crab processing by-product, were determined. Sensory evaluation was performed on crabcakes with various combinations of claw mince/meat (CMM), surimi, and functional soy protein concentrate (SPC). Separation produced 50–58% food-grade mince from picking table by-products and 49% from undersized claws. Claw mince had lower microbial concentrations than the composite picking table by-products. Crabby and beany flavors were influenced (p<0.05) by the CMM ratio but not by SPC. No significant differences were observed for textural characteristics using various levels of CMM. Sensory firmness and cohesiveness scores marginally correlated (p<0.1) with Instron compressive force measurements. Food-grade undersized crab claw mince can be used in value-added products.     

氯化氢生产装置运行总结

介绍二合一副产蒸汽HCI合成炉的技术特点、生产过程中存在的问题及优化措施.     

立德粉生产中副产物的综合利用

介绍了立德粉生产中的副产物废铅泥、含锌镉渣、钡渣及生产废水的若干种综合利用方法及其原因、特点和效果。     

用副产盐酸生产饲料级磷酸氢钙

用生产氯化节的副产品盐酸,生产饲料级磷酸氢钙．成本低．质量好．符合HG2636－94标准．