用屏蔽暂堵技术封堵水平井裂缝性漏层

克拉玛依油田HW702水平井的大斜度段和水平段,将穿越纵向裂缝发育的二叠系佳木河组储层。为安全钻进和保护油层,用超细碳酸钙和磺化沥青复配后加入复合离子钻井液中成屏蔽暂堵的堵漏钻井液。室内用岩心试验,屏蔽暂堵后渗透率可降为0,暂堵深度小于3cm,可用酸化和射孔解堵。现场使用效果也很好,使HW702水平井顺利完钻,并获得工业油气流。     

共沉淀法制备锰锌软磁铁氧体前躯体共沉过程中钙、镁深度脱除的热力学分析

通过对Fe(Ⅱ)-Mn(Ⅱ)-Zn(Ⅱ)-Ca(Ⅱ)-Mg(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4HCO3-H2O体系的热力学分析，得到各金属离子浓度与pH的关系，从而确定共沉法制备锰锌软磁铁氧体前躯体共沉过程中钙、镁深度脱除的共沉区域。热力学分析结果表明，溶液中钙、镁的含量随着体系pH的增大而降低，在相同条件下镁的溶解度大于钙的溶解度。为减少进入共沉粉中的钙、镁含量，需要保证在铁、锰、锌共沉完全的基础上降低体系的pH。当溶液中[C]T=0．1mol／L，[N]T=1．0mol／L时，pH控制在6．23～6．50之间可以大大降低进入共沉粉中的钙、镁含量。确定共沉过程钙，镁深度脱除的共沉区域，对于生产高纯锰锌软磁铁氧体前躯体具有重要的指导意义。     

A study of synthesizing benzaldehydes from propenylbenzenes and cinnamic acid derivatives

Propenylbenzenes and cinnamic acid derivatives yield correspondingly substituted benzaldehydes when oxidized by lead-ruthenium pyrochlore oxide in the presence of sodium hydrochlorite as a co-oxidant at pH 11 under heterogeneous conditions. The reaction of terminal and internal aliphatic alkenes under similar conditions affords no aldehydes.     

The use of the stable isotope 44Ca in studies of calcium incorporation into dentin

The incorporation into rat incisor dentin of two calcium isotopes, the stable ⁴⁴Ca and the radioactive ⁴⁵Ca, was studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) stepscanning and imaging, and autoradiography, respectively. The results demonstrated a time-dependent incorporation of the calcium isotopes into the mineral phase of dentin. With the SIMS step-scanning, detecting ⁴⁴Ca, the ion yield was high in the odontoblasts 2 min after intravenous injection. After 10 min a marked increase in signal intensity was found at the dentin mineralization front. This result was consistent with those obtained by ⁴⁵Ca autoradiography; a peak of incorporation occurred 10 min after injection of the isotope. Likewise, localization of ⁴⁴Ca to the mineralization front could be demonstrated 10 min after injection by SIMS imaging. In images obtained at earlier intervals, no such increase in ion yield could be detected. The results show that the nonradioactive, stable isotope ⁴⁴Ca can be used as a marker for biomineralization in a similar way to radioactive ⁴⁵Ca.     

Factors Affecting 1-Octen-3-ol in Mushrooms at Harvest and During Postharvest Storage

Harvesting experiments revealed that immature whole mushrooms with closed veils had higher 1-octen-3-0l levels than more mature whole mushrooms with open veils. The l-octen-3-01 content of the gills was higher in immature mushrooms with closed veils, gradually decreased with maturity as the veil opened, and finally increased after the gills were well exposed. Postharvest experiments demonstrated that storage temperature influenced the activity of lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase, but no differences in 1-octen-3-01 content were observed. Enzyme activity as well as 1-octen-3-01 content decreased during storage. Addition of calcium chloride to irrigation water, employed to improve quality and shelf life of fresh mushrooms, increased the amount of l-octen-3-01 immediately after harvest.     

Process development and accurate low‐cost characterization for OLED sealants by using a calcium test

Abstract— A calcium measurement setup was built for testing encapsulation especially for OLED applications. This setup is able to measure both reflective and transmissive cells. For the characterization of sealants, a method to compare them with other sealing products will be described. This includes the use of spacers, a homogeneous surface energy, and the geometry of the sealant line. The effects of different geometries will be discussed. The setup was designed to achieve good accuracy at a very reasonable component cost, which will allow other facilities to replicate this setup. Therefore, the construction plan as well as the list of components can be downloaded from our website (Ref. 3).     

OPS和OPC系列稠油乳化降黏剂的研制

以工业品烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-n（n=4,6,8,10,15）为起始原料,合成了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚乙酸盐OPC-n和磺酸盐OPS-n两个系列的阴-非离子表面活性剂。以酸值和黏度不同的胜利单家寺和陈庄稠油为实验油样。将OPC-n和OPS-n溶于矿化度5811 mg/kg的胜利标准盐水和NaCl、CaCl2盐水中作为水相,按油、水质量比7∶3在50℃用玻棒搅拌混合,观察是否形成水包油乳状液并测黏度进行确认。在胜利标准盐水溶液中,OPC-n和OPS-n乳化稠油所需的最低质量分数,随稠油、表面活性剂类型及氧乙烯链节数n而变,一般而言,OPC-n系列中的OPC-8和OPS-n系列中的OPS-4乳化稠油的性能最好,该最低质量分数值分别为0.05%或0.025%和0.025%。在NaCl盐水溶液中,OPC-n的该最低质量分数值与稠油和n有关,均随盐含量增加而增大,在盐含量≤15%时,抗盐性最好的OPC-8和OPC-10的该值≤0.05%;OPS-n的抗盐性好于OPC-n。OPC-n的抗钙性良好,钙盐含量为2%时该最低质量分数≤0.1%;OPS-n的抗钙性更好,钙盐含量为2%和3%时该最低质量分数仅为0.025%或0.05%。表6参5。     

The distribution of nutrient elements in cell wall and other fractions of the herbage of some grasses and legumes

The distribution of 10 nutrient elements was assessed in three fractions of herbage samples of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, white clover and lucerne. The cell wall fraction, prepared by mechanical disintegration of undried material, contained the following proportions of the total herbage content of the major elements: N, 2.9–16.4%; P, 3.0–6.9%; S, 3.6–17.2%; Ca, 11.3–51.8%; Mg. 6.4–27.6% and K, 0.1–1.7%. Substantial though more variable proportions of the trace element cations, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were also present in the cell wall fraction. The extent to which the elements were soluble in water was assessed by analysis of the water-insoluble fraction prepared from freeze-dried samples of each herbage. The proportions of the total herbage content of the major elements soluble in water were: N, 30–57%; P, 80–92%; S, 35–71%; Ca, 48–69%; Mg. 65–83% and K, 90–96%. With the trace element cations the proportions soluble in water were more variable, though they were generally less than 70% of the total. The extent to which the various elements were soluble in 80% aqueous ethanol was assessed by analysis of the insoluble fraction prepared from freeze-dried materials. With each of the major elements, smaller proportions of the total herbage content were soluble in 80% ethanol than in water, which may reflect in part the lower solubility of proteins and pectin. With the trace element cations, the differences in solubility between 80% ethanol and water were generally small and inconsistent.     

生烧石灰对氧化铝生产过程的影响及石灰炉热工现状分析

由于反苛化作用，生烧石灰对氧化铝生产的循环效率、溶出和蒸发工序有很大的影响。本文对石灰生烧的热工现状进行了热平衡验算，从热工的角度分析了石灰烧制中存在的缺陷，通过热工计算，提出了改善石灰烧制质量的建议，以消除其在生产过程的危害及实现增效的目的。     

Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant additives formulated to protect ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer against fire: Hydrated or carbonated calcium?

In this study, the effect of the chemical nature of different calcium (Ca)-based minerals as flame retardant additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), in 1:1 proportions, on the flame retardancy behavior and performance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was discussed. Combining APP with partly and completely hydrated calcium oxide led to superior flame-retardant function detected in mass loss calorimeter measurements with respect to the corresponding system containing carbonated calcium. This privileged character was attributed to the higher reactivity of hydrated Ca-based fillers toward APP in comparison with Ca carbonate, which induced the formation of an intumescent residue. The difference between reactivity potential of hydrated and dry Ca was demonstrated by the newly formed thermally stable species, and further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis performed on APP/fillers blends. Moreover, the presence of more crystalline domains in the Ca/phosphorus-based compounds was evidenced by XRD analysis of the mass loss calorimeter test residues. The results of this work highlight the role of blend additive systems on the performance of flame retardancy of polymer materials.