1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷的合成

以硝基甲烷为原料合成了1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷,总收率为37.8%。采用1HNMR﹑IR和MS对目标产物及中间体的结构进行了表征。在三羟甲基硝基甲烷的合成中,结合反应机理确定了氢氧化钙的用量为:n(CH3NO2)n(Ca(OH)2)=1001;通过对催化剂浓硫酸﹑三氟化硼—乙醚络合物和对甲苯磺酸的比较,得出对甲苯磺酸为中间体2,2-二甲基-5-羟甲基-5-硝基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷合成的较优催化剂;分别采用2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硝酸酯和2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四对甲苯磺酸酯与NaN3反应,发现磺酸酯基易离去,叠氮化反应更易进行,收率较高;叠氮化反应的较优溶剂为DMSO。DSC分析表明,1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷的分解峰温为223.46℃。     

东营凹陷南斜坡东段沙河街组砂岩输导层连通性量化表征

以东营凹陷南斜坡东段王家岗油田沙河街组二段为重点解剖对象,利用开发动态资料,结合原油全烃气相色谱指纹特征分析,确定了砂岩输导体间的连通性,建立了利用砂地比判定砂体连通性的数学概率模型,并应用该模型量化描述了东营凹陷南斜坡东段沙河街组主要砂岩输导层的连通特征。研究表明,当砂地比低于20% 时,砂体间基本不连通;当砂地比大于20% 时,砂体间连通的概率随砂地比增加而逐渐变大;当砂地比大于80% 时,砂体间完全连通。除王家岗油田、八面河及研究区西南部一带外,沙河街组三段中亚段输导层砂体连通性较差,沙河街组三段上亚段和沙河街组二段输导层砂体间连通性良好。     

Study on the Processes for Lubricant Base Oil from Oman and Cabinda Blended Crude Oil No. 3 Fraction

Abstract

The dealing quantity of crude oil increases, and the lube feedstock changes frequently. Enhancing the quality and yield by optimizing the processes used for lubricant base oil is currently one of the major challenges that refineries are facing to make them profitable. Acetone-benzoyl dewaxing, furfural refining, and clay finishing are selected and optimized to process lubricant base oil. For the acetone-benzoyl dewaxing process recommended, solvent-to-oil ratio (STO) is 2.5, solvent component ratio (methyl ethyl ketone to methyl benzene) is 0.8, and dewaxing temperature is ?25°C. For the furfural refining process recommended, solvent-to-oil ratio is 3.0 and refining temperature is 90°C. The finishing oil treated with 4 wt% adsorbent clay at 155°C can meet the color and oxidation stability requirements of a marketable product. Group analysis, elemental analysis, and infrared (IR) spectra show that in optimized base oil, the saturate content is high (95 wt%), carbon–hydrogen ratio is high, and basic nitrogen content is 0.63 wt%; branching degree is suitable. ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and ¹³C-NMR spectra indicate that isoparaffin content is high; average number of carbon atoms is 25.85; the branched chain is located in the eighth carbon; there are large numbers of S-1, S-2, and S-11 molecules in base oil; and there are interactions among base oil molecules, but the intensity is different.     

油藏描述中的井震时深转换技术研究

油藏描述是油藏地球物理研究的重要内容之一,油藏描述的精度取决于时间域地震相解释和深度域测井相解释的精度以及两者综合解释的精度。显然,要实现时间域的地震空间信息与深度域的测井垂向信息的综合油藏描述(静态储层建模),就必然会面临地震与测井信息间的时深转换问题。一般情况下,时深转换的精度基本能够满足构造成图的要求,但是油藏描述中要求的时深转换精度远远高于构造成图的精度。因此,油藏描述中的时深转换将面临更多的问题,例如井震分辨率差异、井震时深转换速度的精度、井震时深转换方法、井震时深转换层位的选择、井震间基准面的选择等。以上问题直接影响井震时深转换的精度和油藏描述的能力。为此,提出了基于标准参考层位的井震时深转换方法、沿标准参考层的地震速度求取方法、井震基准面间校正方法、基于标准参考层的井震精细解释方法以及井震时深转换剩余因子校正方法。通过实例研究和严格的质量控制给出了误差小于1 m的井震时深转换结果。     

Effect of enhanced interfacial reaction on the microstructure,phase transformation and mechanical property of Ni–Mn–Ga particles/Mg composites

This study investigated the microstructure, phase transformation and mechanical property of Ni–Mn–Ga particles/Mg composites with a strong interfacial reaction between the particles and the matrix. The strong interfacial reaction was related to the large surface area and energy per unit volume of the flaky shape Ni–Mn–Ga particles that favors the reaction between the particles and matrix. The martensitic transformation behavior was largely weakened due to the interfacial reactions and thus the reduced volume fraction of Ni–Mn–Ga particles. The composites exhibited a much improved compressive strength and ductility in comparison with that of the Ni–Mn–Ga alloy. The compressive plasticity of the composites was decreased when the Ni–Mn–Ga particle content exceeded 40 wt%. In comparison with the Mg-composites with large size Ni–Mn–Ga particles, the composites with small size particles would have a much stronger interfacial reactions, which was detrimental to the phase transformation and mechanical ductility of the composites. The investigation results in this article could provide a reference for the design and preparation of the particles reinforced metal matrix functional composites.     

蒙脱土对纤维素基吸湿衬垫结构与性能的影响

目的在羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)与壳聚糖(CS)基材中添加纳米蒙脱土(MMT),制备安全无毒、具有良好吸水性的海绵衬垫,可用于鲜肉的保鲜包装。方法将不同比例的MMT添加到CMC-Na和CS混合溶液中,冻干后采用氯化钙交联得到海绵衬垫,测定衬垫在水中的溶胀率和可溶物含量以优化配比,然后测定最优衬垫的吸湿速率、红外光谱、形貌、压缩强度以及色差等。结果当MMT质量分数为5%时,衬垫在水中的溶胀率最高,可溶物含量较低,且与空白对照品相比,由于MMT在高分子基材表面形成大量微米级团聚粒子,所以其比表面积增大,吸湿速率加快。同时,由于MMT良好的力学强度,且与CMC-Na和CS基材结合良好,因此MMT的添加大大提高了衬垫的压缩强度。加入MMT后,虽衬垫的颜色有所加深,但肉眼观察并不明显。结论 MMT的加入可改善CMC-Na/CS衬垫的性能,促进其在鲜肉包装中的实际应用。     

Nanoscale Charge Percolation Analysis in Polymer‐Sorted (7,5) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

The current percolation in polymer‐sorted semiconducting (7,5) single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks, processed from solution, is investigated using a combination of electrical field‐effect measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and conductive AFM (C‐AFM) techniques. From AFM measurements, the nanotube length in the as‐processed (7,5) SWNTs network is found to range from ≈100 to ≈1500 nm, with a SWNT surface density well above the percolation threshold and a maximum surface coverage ≈58%. Analysis of the field‐effect charge transport measurements in the SWNT network using a 2D homogeneous random‐network stick‐percolation model yields an exponent coefficient for the transistors OFF currents of 16.3. This value is indicative of an almost ideal random network containing only a small concentration of metallic SWNTs. Complementary C‐AFM measurements on the other hand enable visualization of current percolation pathways in the xy plane and reveal the isotropic nature of the as‐spun (7,5) SWNT networks. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of combining advanced scanning probe techniques with field‐effect charge transport measurements for quantification of key network parameters including current percolation, metallic nanotubes content, surface coverage, and degree of SWNT alignment. Most importantly, the proposed approach is general and applicable to other nanoscale networks, including metallic nanowires as well as hybrid nanocomposites.     

可降解高分子量聚癸二酸己二醇酯的合成及表征

以癸二酸和己二醇为原料,以十氢萘为溶荆,进行直接聚合,合成了高分子量聚癸二酸己二醇酯,产率达到96％．用FT-IR和^1H-NMR对其蛄构进行表征,GPC测得其数均分子量达到45809．DSC测得其熔点为76℃,拉伸强度为23．5MPa,断裂伸长率为935．0％。     

改性PTFE软管的材质鉴定及性能比较与评价

采用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、DSC等方法对两种颗粒改性PTFE软管的组成、结构、热性能等进行了表征分析;通过腐蚀介质浸泡试验,对软管的耐腐蚀性能进行了评价;并使用三维体视电镜对其表面形态进行了观察。两种软管的性能比较表明国产软管的主要性能已达到国外同类产品的水平。