Verbal paired-associates learning in chronic schizophrenics as a function of positive and negative evaluation.

Seventy-two chronic schizophrenics (36 regressed and 36 partially remitted) and 36 normals were given paired associates of 2 levels of association strength and 2 levels of intralist response competition to learn under positive, negative, and nonevaluation conditions. Regressed schizophrenics showed maximum decrement on low-association word pairs following positive evaluation. This was especially true for those Ss with low self-esteem. These findings suggest that heightened arousal resulting from dissonance between a negative self-image and positive evaluation of performance can lead to behavioral decrement in a difficult task requiring novel associations, such decrement being congruent with the Hull-Spence behavior theory and the Yerkes-Dodson hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of operant level, interview with experimenter, and awareness upon verbal conditioning of chronic schizophrenics.

The present research attempted to (a) cross-validate N. D. Vestre's (1961, 1965) findings that medium-operant-level pronouns can be conditioned by "good" in a chronic schizophrenic population, (b) test whether or not high-operant-level pronouns can be conditioned by "good" in a chronic schizophrenic population, and (c) compare the conditionability of high-operant-level with that of medium-operant-level pronouns. It was hypothesized that schizophrenics would be more conditionable following a brief, friendly, personal interview than in the absence of any preconditioning interview. It was expected that awareness of the response-reinforcement contingency would favor conditioning. Both the operant level and interview with experimenter variables were investigated to see whether or not either differentially affected (a) the number of aware Ss and (b) the performance of aware Ss. "Good" functioned as a reinforcer for about 1/4 of the Ss in this study. The most important factor contributing to performance was awareness of the response-reinforcement contingency. Also, reinforcement tended to be more effective when Ss had no (instead of a S-min) preexperimental interview with E. Medium-operant-level pronouns were conditionable, and results of conditionability comparisons between high- and medium-preference pronouns depended upon how performance was measured. The negligible conditionability of high-preference pronouns was discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electrodermal base level, tonic arousal, and adaptation in chronic schizophrenics.

Electrodermal arousal was studied at rest and during repetitive stimulation in chronic schizophrenics who were rated at either extreme of the Montrose Rating scale (MRS), either receiving a phenothiazine or no drugs, and in a control normal sample. Resting base level was significantly higher among Hi than Lo MRS, and among Nondrug than Drug patients: no patient sample was reliably below Control level. Nondrug patients showed no impairment in tonic arousal relative to Controls, even when such patients showed impaired phasic response (though the drug was seemingly associated with diminished tonic response). Considerable independence was demonstrated between phasic and tonic electrodermal functions. Unlike Controls (or Drug patients), Nondrug patients showed a general heightening of electrodermal arousal during repetitive innocuous stimulation. A vigilance hypothesis was offered suggesting that sensitivity to the general demands of the environment remains high among chronic patients, even where there may be a reduction in the input of specific items of information from that environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of Tranquilizers on the Trail Making Test with Chronic Schizophrenics.

46 chronic schizophrenics with at least 3 years of continuous hospitalization, no secondary diagnosis of brain damage, age under 59, and all stabilized on their current medication were tested twice on the Trail Making Test (TMT) with 6 wk. between testings. The experimental group (N = 28) had the 2nd testing, following 5 weeks of being off all drugs. Results show: (a) previous findings that TMT is not a sensitive test for organicity with schizophrenics are true whether or not Ss are on tranquilizers, (b) no relationship between amount of drugs and performance on TMT, and (c) drug withdrawal did not affect performance on TMT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Defensive style in the families of schizophrenics and controls.

Biological parents of groups of Good and Poor Premorbid schizophrenics and neurotic controls were administered the Rorschach test in order to evaluate the relative level of ego maturity between parental groups. A rating schedule designed to reflect styles of defensive behavior was devised in an effort to objectify the dimension of ego maturity. It was found that this scale correlated significantly with age, intelligence, and Rorschach response total of the parents employed in the sample. The level of maturity of defensive behavior manifested by the parents was found to differ significantly. Parents of Poor Premorbid schizophrenics produced a greater amount of immature defensive behavior than parents of Good Premorbids, with the parents of neurotic controls falling intermediate between the schizophrenic groups. The difference between parents of "Poors" and neurotics approach significance, while the difference between parents of "Goods" and neurotics was clearly unreliable. (27 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The performance of schizophrenics on social concepts.

"A hypothesis was derived from Cameron's view of schizophrenic thinking as a product of the social disarticulation of this group, as contrasted with Goldstein's interpretation of the defect in schizophrenic thought as the result of an impairment of the abstract attitude. The hypothesis was that schizophrenics would exhibit a greater decrement relative to normals on a test of social concepts than on tests of formal concepts." The data support this hypothesis. 22 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

宫腔镜检查在不明原因复发性自然流产中的应用

目的：部分复发性自然流产病因不明确,本研究通过宫腔镜检查,探讨宫腔镜在不明原因复发性自然流产中的病因诊断作用。方法：对2008年1月至2010年1月在我院就诊的原因不明的复发性自然流产患者38例行宫腔镜检查,并取内膜活检。结果：38例患者中,宫腔镜检查4例有轻度宫腔粘连,4例子宫内膜有炎症表现,病理诊断确诊5例有慢性子...     

Personalized Healthcare System for Chronic Disease Care in Cloud Environment

The rapid increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases is an important public healthcare issue in many countries, which accelerates many studies on a healthcare system that can, whenever and wherever, extract and process patient data. A patient with a chronic disease conducts self‐management in an out‐of‐hospital environment, particularly in an at‐home environment, so it is important to provide integrated and personalized healthcare services for effective care. To help provide effective care for chronic disease patients, we propose a service flow and a new cloud‐based personalized healthcare system architecture supporting both at‐home and at‐hospital environments. The system considers the different characteristics of at‐hospital and at‐home environments, and it provides various chronic disease care services. A prototype implementation and a predicted cost model are provided to show the effectiveness of the system. The proposed personalized healthcare system can support cost‐effective disease care in an at‐hospital environment and personalized self‐management of chronic disease in an at‐home environment.     

激光在运动系统慢性损伤中的应用

运动系统的任何组织都可发生慢性损伤,这类疾病临床极为常见,病程较长,迁延不愈,常使生活及工作受到影响。作者根据He-Ne激光的特点,选择适当的输出功率作病变局部照射及穴位照射(亦称激光针灸)治疗运动系统慢性损伤的9种疾病,并与其它治疗作了对比,结果证实激光有良好的康复作用。     

慢性滤泡性咽炎的激光治疗与冷冻治疗疗效分析

目的观察慢性滤泡性咽炎,采用两种方法治疗的效果。方法将患者随机分成两组,A组为激光治疗组,B组为冷冻治疗组。结果A组治愈率96%,B组56%。结论激光治疗慢性滤泡性咽炎更有效。